Food production in Nigeria has not matched with the rate of population growth leading to reduction of national food independence and self-reliance. As a result, Nigeria is facing serious food insecurity. Therefore, this study examined the impacts of climate change and population growth on food security in Nigeria. Annual time-series of food security (proxy of food production index), annual rainfall, annual temperature, population growth rate, urban population rate and agricultural land used from 1980 to 2019 were used. The study used Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test, Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model, Johansen Cointegration test and Vector Error Correlation Models (VECM) were used to analyze the data. ADF unit root test result shows that all variables were completely stationary at the first different orders I(1) at both at intercept and intercept with trend at level of significance of 1%. Three (3) lags were conclusively selects as the optimum lag in the VAR model. The result of the estimation indicates that the Johansen cointegration shows an existence of long-run relationship among the variables used in the study. The result of the VECM estimation shows that rainfall, temperatures, population growth rate and agricultural land used were negatively significantly related to food security at various levels of significance (1%, 5% and 10%). At the long-run all the variables were adversely related to food security in Nigeria. The coefficient of multiple determination (R2) indicates about 91%, the adjusted R2 of 0.86 was obtained and Durbin-Watson of 2.1 was obtained which implies that the tools were good fit to estimates the data. Decomposition of variance shows dwindling in food security. The study therefore recommends public enlightenment campaign on birth control; and appropriate climate change adaptation methods should be adopted to enhance food security in Nigeria among others.

The study assessed the effects of climate change on poultry egg production in Rivers State, Nigeria. A total of 120 poultry egg farmers were randomly selected through questionnaire and interview schedule. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistical tools were used for data analysis. Result of the socio-economic characteristics revealed that majorities (60.8%) of the poultry farmers were males, 80.8% were married, and 61.6% had tertiary education. Also from findings, the majority (67.5%) of the poultry farmers were aware that high temperature, increase in rainfall (86.7%), erratic rainfall pattern (71.7%), decrease in relative humidity (55.8%) and flooding of poultry farms (71.7%) has harmful effects on poultry egg production. More so, the perceived effects of climate on egg production include high rate of diseases and parasites incidence, soft egg shell formation, low quantity and quality of egg production, high costs of poultry production activities, reduction in feed and water intake, and increase in poultry bird mortality. Results also revealed that television, radio, social media and fellow poultry farmers were their main sources of information on climate change. It is concluded that education attainment and, marital status of poultry farmers, were measures used in controlling the effects of climate change. It is therefore commended that poultry farmers should be adequately informed on the best operating systems to minimize the harmful effect of climate change on poultry egg production as well as ensure optimum level of poultry egg production.