ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to estimate copper sulfate acute toxicity and to determine death percentage and environmental risk on guppy fish (Phallocerus caudimaculatus), zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio), mato grosso (Hyphessobrycon eques), and pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Fish were exposed to 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.10, and 0.30 mg L (pacu). Copper sulfate was extremely toxic for guppy, highly toxic for zebrafish and mato grosso and lightly toxic for pacu and presents environmental risk of high adverse effects on the guppy, zebrafish and mato grosso and moderate adverse effect to the pacu. Therefore, the guppy fish, zebrafish, and mato grosso are important alternatives for copper sulfate toxicity evaluation in waterbodies.Keywords: bioindicators, algaecide, toxicity.Ecotoxicidade aguda e risco ambiental do sultado de cobre para peixes tropicais . O sulfato de cobre foi classificado como extremamente tóxico para o guaru, altamente tóxico para o paulistinha e mato grosso e ligeiramente tóxico para o pacu e apresenta risco ambiental de elevado efeito adverso para o guaru, paulistinha e mato grosso e moderado efeito adverso para o pacu. Assim, conclui-se que o guaru, paulistinha e mato grosso são importantes alternativas para avaliação da toxicidade do sulfato de cobre em corpos hídricos.

The aim of this research was to evaluate neotropical fish sensitivity (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Phallocerus caudimaculatus, Hyphessobrycon eques, and Brachydanio rerio) to a reference substance (potassium chloride); to estimate the lethal concentration (LC 50 ; 96 h) for glyphosate, formulated as Rodeo ® alone and in association with 0.5 and 1.0% Aterbane ® BR surfactant and to evaluate the histopathology of the gills, liver, and kidney from the fish after acute exposure. P. caudimaculatus and H. eques are good bioindicators like B. rerio because they have similar sensitivity. The LC 50 ;96 h for glyphosate alone and in association with 0.5% Aterbane ® BR was similar (>975.0 mg L-1) for all the fish. Aterbane ® BR alone was the most toxic substance to P. caudimaculatus (5.81 mg L-1 LC 50 ;96 h) and glyphosate associated to 1.0% Aterbane ® BR was more toxic to H. eques (411.91 mg L-1 LC 50 ;96 h). The glyphosate alone and in association with Aterbane ® BR was classified as practically non-toxic, whereas Aterbane ® BR alone was considered moderately toxic for the tested organisms. The histopathological effects caused by glyphosate exposure on gills, liver, and kidneys are reversible, except for the liver necrosis on P. caudimaculatus. H. eques, P. caudimaculatus, and P. mesopotamicus present great potential to be used as standard organisms for herbicides monitoring and the use of glyphosate without surfactant addition is enough to cause histological alterations on H. eques and P. caudimaculatus, which makes them possible to be applied on environmental monitoring studies as biomarkers.

ABSTRACT. The aim of this research was to evaluate the feasibility for the use of the organisms Lemna minor, Azolla caroliniana, Hyphessobrycon eques, Pomacea canaliculata and Daphnia magna as exposure bioindicators for ethanol (lethal and effective concentration 50% -LC50(I)/EC50(I)). Thus, the following concentrations were used 5.

The fish Hyphessobrycon eques and Piaractus mesopotamicus, the snail Pomacea canaliculata, the aquatic plant Lemna minor and the microcustacean Daphnia magna were selected to evaluate the lethal or effective concentration (LC50/EC50) and the environmental risk of florfenicol (FLO), enrofloxacine (ENR), thiamethoxan (TH) and toltrazuril (TOL). For this, the organisms were acclimated in a bioassay room under controlled temperature and photoperiod, and then exposed to increasing drugs concentrations according to specific standard for each organism. L. minor is the sole organism which showed toxicity to FLO LC50; 48 h of 97.03 mg/L, which causes medium environmental risk. P. canaliculata was more sensible to ENR (14.64 mg/L), which causes high risk to the bioindicators. P. mesopotamicus was more sensible to TH toxicity (16.97 mg/L), which causes high risk also; followed by H. eques. TOL causes medium risk and it is more toxic for P. mesopotamicus (3.72 mg/L), followed by H. eques. L. minor can be used as a bioindicator for florfenicol toxicity, P. canaliculata for enrofloxacine and H. eques for TH and TOL, emphasizing that enrofloxacine and thiamethoxan cause high environmental risk.

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