Background: To study whether the range of accommodation differs in myopes and hypermetropes than normal population. Purpose: To study the range of accommodation in myopes and hypermetropes in comparison to normal population in different age groups. Materials and methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at MHL from January 2018 to October 2018. Total 99 patients were enrolled in this study who had refractive errors. All patients were included who had 10 – 55 years age. Both genders were included. Both myopic and hypermetropic patients were included having fully corrected myopia and hypermetropia. Patients with any ocular pathologies were excluded. All patients who were included in this study had complete ocular and posterior chamber examination from ophthalmologist. There visual acuity was recorded using Snellen`s visual acuity chart and recorded in Snellen notation. Near vision was assessed on near vision chart. Then range of accommodation will be measured by RAF meter. All data entered and analyzed by SPSS 20 (Statically package for social scientist). Bar charts and Pie charts were used to describe qualitative data and range, mean, S.Dwere used to express quantitative data. For data normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro Wilktest used and showed that all parameters are non-parametric as p value is ≤ 0.05 (p = 0.000). Results: Total 99individuals were analyzed who had refractive errors. There were 60 female and 39male individuals. Avg age of individuals was 21 with standard deviation ±3. Association of rang of accommodation between hypermetropes and emmetropes during point break, Rec point and Rang D the p value is 0.001 in all points. Association of rang of accommodation between emmetropes and myopes during point break, Rec point and Rang D the p value is 0.142, 0.224 and 0.315 accordingly. Conclusion: Association of rang of accommodation is significant between emmetropes and hypermetropes (p=0.001). But there is no significant association of rang of accommodation between Myopes and emmetropes (p=0.224).

Purpose: To determine the best regime for administration of atropine eye drops for cycloplegia and to see the effect of cycloplegia on different types of refractive error. Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in Pediatric Clinic, Mayo Hospital Lahore, Pakistan in the duration of 3 months to assess the best regime for administration of 1% atropine eye drops for cycloplegia and to see the effect of cycloplegia on different types of refractive error. Non probability purposive sampling was done and 30 patients of age between 0 to 12 years were assessed using a self designed performa. Patients who required cycloplegic refraction were examined after installation of atropine 1 drop for 1 day and 3 drops for 3 days by auto refactometer and retinoscopy. Results were compared to find out the difference in refractive error and the effect of cycloplegia on myopes and hyperopes. Results:The results showed that most of the patients had no difference in refractive error between one day of atropine instillation as compared to three days. Few patients showed little difference of +/-0.25 D after three days. Hyperopic patients showed less difference in refractive error found between first and third day of atropine instillation as compared to myopic patients. Conclusion:Atropine is an efficient cycloplegic drug and we can get effective cycloplegia on first day with even one drop of atropine instillation. This may be beneficial for both the practitioner and children while doing cycloplegic refraction. It will greatly reduce the waiting time for parents and children. It will also lessen the adverse effects of atropine and allow for a better clinical service.