Honey is one of the liquid foods known for its high nutritional value. Honey contains macronutrient and micronutrient compounds. The composition of honey is usually different from one honey to another and has different biological activities. Baduy honey is one of the forest honey sold by the Baduy tribe. Fermented Baduy honey is suspected of having better biological activity. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of fermented Baduy honey, the total phenolic compound, and FTIR analysis. The antioxidant activity was determined against DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazile) by measuring the absorbance of the sample at the wavelength of 517 nm. The Total phenolic compound was also determined using folin ciocalteu’s method to measure the absorbance of the sample at the wavelength of 765nm. The FTIR analysis was also carried out to detect functional groups in Baduy honey. The antioxidant activity shows that fermented Baduy honey has the highest antioxidant capacity (IC 50 = 90,26 µg/mL) after three days of fermentation with pineapple and has better antioxidant capacity than non-fermentation Baduy honey. Total phenolic content shows that Baduy honey has 2,04 µg/mL. The FTIR analysis result indicates the presence of phenolic compounds, which can be found in flavonoids.

Antibacterial is a compound capable of inhibiting and killing pathogenic bacteria. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are pathogenic bacteria because they can cause disease if infected. Sweet potato is an alternative food that is often consumed by some Indonesian people and is thought to contain antibacterial compounds. The sweet potatoes used in this study came from Riau (A), Tomohon (B), Balikpapan (C), Jambi (D), Malang (E), Pontianak (F), Kupang (G), Bangka Belitung (H) , Medan (I), Balikpapan (J), and Merauke (K). Antibacterial testing was carried out using the disc diffusion method and using Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) and Luria Bertani (LB) media with sample concentrations of 250, 500, and 700 ppm. The study was conducted using the antimicrobial activity testing method which was carried out only once in an experiment and observations would be made after 24 hours of incubation. From the results obtained, the optimum growth of E. Coli at a concentration of 700 ppm with samples from the Kupang area (G) with purple color with an inhibition zone of 8.5 mm and a minimum at a concentration of 250 ppm with samples originating from the Merauke (K) area with white color with a white zone. resistance of 1 mm. Meanwhile, the test results on the optimum growth of S. aureus at a concentration of 700 ppm with samples from West Kalimantan (F2) with purple color with an inhibition zone of 7 mm and a minimum at a concentration of 250 ppm with samples from Balikpapan (C), Bangka Belitung. (H), and Medan (I3) are white and light orange with an inhibition zone of 2 mm.

Zirconia (ZrO2) powders doped with cobalt were prepared by sol-gel method using inorganic salt of zirconium (IV) chloride (ZrCl4) as precursor. The amount of cobalt was varied in the range of 4–16% weight percent to study the effect to structural properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis suggested the resulting phases were zirconium oxide (Baddeleyite) with monoclinic crystal system along with cobalt oxide as secondary phase. The increasing cobalt content caused the XRD peaks to shift into lower angle due to substitution of Zr atom to smaller Co atom in crystal lattice. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed the samples with higher Co content had smoother surface. Generally, the microstructures of Co doped zirconia powders consisted of large agglomerates with small particles on the surface.

The purpose of this research was to extract the yield of Echinacea purpurea at the SOHO Center of Excellence in Herbal Research Sukabumi on a laboratory scale and determine the antioxidant effect. This plant is known to grow in Europe before being cultivated in Sukabumi, Indonesia. Additionally, the specimen contains compounds with antioxidant functionalities, estimated to be useful in cell protection from oxidative stress. This property is attributed to the presence of alkamide compounds. In this research, Simplicia was extracted using 2 different methods, and those generated by DPPH yielded the best chicoric acid value and were further evaluated for antioxidant activities. The results showed the best results in samples isolated with maceration at 70℃ temperature, stirred for 1.5 hours, compared to those heated at 55℃. Consequently, the yield obtained using this technique was 23.24 grams which had 4.36% chicoric acid content and total phenol of 13.82%. The thick Echinacea purpurea extract demonstrated the best IC50 value of 92.08 µg/mL, which was better than the other samples. This research suggests a need to improve the extraction process as an attempt to achieve optimal results.

In organisms, cells perform apoptosis to remove damaged or mutated cells from the body. The Bcl-2 family protein encoded by the BCL2 gene plays a role in regulating apoptosis. Abnormalities in the function and expression level of the Bcl-2 protein are associated with several cancers. Saliva is a body fluid that can be used for biomedical research because it contains essential biomarkers of the body and genetic material derived from free cells in the oral cavity. This study aims to get primer characterization for the RT-PCR method for the BCL2 gene. We used RNA samples isolated from saliva to optimize the primers' annealing temperature, concentration, and combination pairs. Previous studies produced three primer candidates, i.e., primers A, B, and C, used in this research. The optimization results showed that primer C was the best primer to be used in the real-time PCR of this study. The optimal annealing temperature used was 60.3°C with a primer concentration of 400 nM. This study also shows the potential of saliva as a material for biomedical studies on the BCL2 gene. The results of the primer characterization resulting from this research are the first step in establishing the in-house RT-PCR method. The validation research will use a larger sample to validate this method.