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This study's objective was to evaluate the status of building information modelling (BIM) implementation within the Dutch construction industry by means of a developed BIM maturity tool that could be applied within the construction industry's various disciplines. Existing BIM maturity models tend to focus on technological aspects and have often been developed for specific disciplines. This paper first describes the development of a maturity model that enables the assessment of both technological and organizational aspects of BIM and enables comparison of all the disciplines in the construction supply chain. Second, the applicability of the proposed BIM maturity model is explored by using the model in in-depth interviews at 53 Dutch firms that represent the various disciplines within the construction industry. The output of the testing of the BIM maturity model shed light on the current implementation status of individual companies and, when aggregated, of the subsectors present. The latter information is valuable for sectoral associations because it identifies differences and similarities in BIM implementation across subsectors. The main finding is of strong strategic support for BIM among the leading companies evaluated. However, the formalization of BIM-related processes, tasks, and responsibilities is lagging behind BIM developments. Notably, respondents emphasized aspects related to people and culture when it came to implementing BIM, with awareness, education, and training regarded as essential elements in stimulating BIM maturity growth. Based on these findings, priorities have been identified to stimulate the BIM implementation process that can be included in sector-specific or industry-wide policies.

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The objective of this research is to explain why actors are not using interorganizational information and communication technology ͑ICT͒ in construction projects in the intended way, by determining the mechanisms that influence the way actors use this ICT over time during a construction project. This explorative research results in a theoretical model that contains four key categories that explains the way actors use ICT in construction projects: ͑1͒ personal motivation; ͑2͒ external motivation; ͑3͒ knowledge and skills; and ͑4͒ acting opportunities. The model is compared with three existing influential models about the adoption and use of ICT: the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, the theory of planned behavior, and the technology acceptance model. In these models missing elements are found. In addition, it is found that fundamental characteristics of construction projects, such as the fragmented and temporarily nature of construction projects, and the different working practices, resources, and objectives of the organizations involved cause most of the barriers to the intended use of interorganizational ICT.

This multiple case study of a contracting firm contributes to understanding the barriers that organizations face during the implementation of building information modeling (BIM) by providing insights into the impact of these barriers across different organizational levels (i.e., from top management to project teams) and by relating these barriers to different degrees of BIM maturity. First, we observe the dominance of barriers related to the motivation, competence, and time capacity of people across all levels of an organization. Second, the cluster of barriers at the middle-management level highlights the important role of this level in reducing these barriers. Third, only those cases with a low level of BIM maturity have struggled with lack of top management support, thereby highlighting the importance of such support in achieving BIM maturity growth. High BIM maturity situations are more prone to externally oriented barriers in attempting to further leverage the benefits of BIM. Our study provides insights on where to focus BIM implementation measures and how to enhance organizational BIM maturity.