OpenMP is a very convenient programming model for critical real-time parallel applications due to its powerful tasking model and its proven time predictability. However, current implementations are not suitable for critical environments based on the intensive use of dynamically allocated memory needed to efficiently manage the parallel execution. This jeopardizes the qualification processes needed to ensure that the integrated software stack is compliant with system requirements. This paper proposes a novel OpenMP framework that statically allocates the data structures needed to efficiently manage the parallel execution of OpenMP tasks. Our framework is composed of a compiler that captures the environment of the OpenMP tasks instantiated along the parallel execution and bounds the exposed parallelism, and a runtime implementing a lazy task creation policy that significantly reduces the runtime memory requirements, whilst exploiting parallelism efficiently. The evaluation shows that our tool achieves the same performance as current OpenMP implementations, while bounds and drastically reduces the dynamic memory requirements at run-time.

Cutting-edge functionalities in embedded systems require the use of parallel architectures to meet their performance requirements. This imposes the introduction of a new layer in the software stacks of embedded systems: the parallel programming model. Unfortunately, the tools used to analyze embedded systems fall short to characterize the performance of parallel applications at a parallel programming model level, and correlate this with information about non-functional requirements such as real-time, energy, memory usage, etc. HPC tools, like Extrae, are designed with that level of abstraction in mind, but their main focus is on performance evaluation. Overall, providing insightful information about the performance of parallel embedded applications at the parallel programming model level, and relate it to the non-functional requirements, is of paramount importance to fully exploit the performance capabilities of parallel embedded architectures. This paper contributes to the state-of-the-art of analysis tools for embedded systems by: (1) analyzing the particular constraints of embedded systems compared to HPC systems (e.g., static setting, restricted memory, limited drivers) to support HPC analysis tools; (2) porting Extrae, a powerful tracing tool from the HPC domain, to the GR740 platform, a SoC used in the space domain; and (3) augmenting Extrae with new features needed to correlate the parallel execution with the following non-functional requirements: energy, temperature and memory usage. Finally, the paper presents the usefulness of Extrae to characterize OpenMP applications and its non-functional requirements, evaluating different aspects of the applications running in the GR740. CCS CONCEPTS • Software and its engineering → Parallel programming languages; Empirical software validation; Software performance; • Computer systems organization → Embedded systems; • Hardware → Power estimation and optimization; Temperature monitoring.

Task-based parallel programming models based on compiler directives have proved their effectiveness at describing parallelism in High-Performance Computing (HPC) applications. Recent studies show that cutting-edge Real-Time applications, such as those for unmanned vehicles, can successfully exploit these models. In this scenario, OpenMP is a de facto standard for HPC, and is being studied for Real-Time systems due to its time-predictability and delimited functional safety. However, changes in OpenMP take time to be standardized because it sweeps along a large community. OmpSs, instead, is a task-based model for fastprototyping that has been a forerunner of OpenMP since its inception. OmpSs-2, its successor, aims at the same goal, and defines several features that can be introduced in future versions of OpenMP. This work targets compiler-based optimizations to enhance the programmability and performance of OmpSs-2. Regarding the former, we present an algorithm to determine the data-sharing attributes of OmpSs-2 tasks. Regarding the latter, we introduce a new algorithm to automatically release OmpSs-2 task dependencies before a task has completed. This work evaluates both algorithms in a set of well-known benchmarks, and discusses their applicability to the current and future specifications of OpenMP.