Studies of adipose tissue biology have demonstrated that adipose tissue should be considered as both passive, energy-storing tissue and an endocrine organ because of the secretion of adipose-specific factors, called adipokines. Adiponectin is a well-described homeostatic adipokine with metabolic properties. It regulates whole-body energy status through the induction of fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake. Adiponectin also has anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties, making it an interesting subject of biomedical studies. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a fat depot that is conterminous to the vascular wall and acts on it in a paracrine manner through adipokine secretion. PVAT-derived adiponectin can act on the vascular wall through endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. The present review describes adiponectin’s structure, receptors, and main signaling pathways. We further discuss recent studies of the extent and nature of crosstalk between PVAT-derived adiponectin and endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and atherosclerotic plaques. Furthermore, we argue whether adiponectin and its receptors may be considered putative therapeutic targets.

The WNT/β‐catenin pathway is a master regulator of cardiac development and growth, and its activity is low in healthy adult hearts. However, even this low activity is essential for maintaining normal heart function. Acute activation of the WNT/β‐catenin signaling cascade is considered to be cardioprotective after infarction through the upregulation of prosurvival genes and reprogramming of metabolism. Chronically high WNT/β‐catenin pathway activity causes profibrotic and hypertrophic effects in the adult heart. New data suggest more complex functions of β‐catenin in metabolic maturation of the perinatal heart, establishing an adult pattern of glucose and fatty acid utilization. Additionally, low basal activity of the WNT/β‐catenin cascade maintains oxidative metabolism in the adult heart, and this pathway is reactivated by physiological or pathological stimuli to meet the higher energy needs of the heart. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the organization of canonical WNT signaling and its function in cardiogenesis, heart maturation, adult heart function, and remodeling. We also discuss the role of the WNT/β‐catenin pathway in cardiac glucose, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial physiology.

Prophylaxe-Update fürs TeamBeim "Prophylaxe-Crashkurs für Neu-und Einzelne Schritte heiß diskutiertIm großen Block der professionellen Zahnreinigung gab es technisches Know-how zu den verschiedenen maschinellen ScalingTechniken, empfohlene "Air-Flow"-Körnungsgrade, praktische Übungen zur Verwendung der Handinstrumente sowie geschmackliche Unterschiede der einzelnen Fluoridierungsprodukte, die für einige Patienten ganz wichtig sind. Die einzelnen Schritte der PZR wurden heiß diskutiert, insbesondere der Punkt, die Interdentalraump ege direkt nach der Politur durchzuführen, um die restlichen 40 Prozent der Zahn ächen e ektiv mit Hilfe der Polierpaste zu reinigen. Abschließend wies die Referentin noch auf die Wichtigkeit einer Zungenreinigung und einer generellen Full Mouth Desinfection mit 0,2-prozenthaltigen CHX Präparaten vor Beginn der PZR hin, um den Eigenschutz wegen der bei der Reinigung entstehenden Aerosole zu erhöhen. Wunsch nach Wiederholung