Stenocercus modestus es una especie endémica del Desierto Costero del departamento de Lima, y enfrenta importantes amenazas a la conservación de sus poblaciones. Evaluamos la dieta de esta especie mediante el análisis del contenido estomacal de 17 individuos. La dieta de S. modestus está compuesta principalmente por insectos, siendo los ítems alimentarios más importantes los coleópteros, arañas e himenópteros. La lagartija S. modestus presenta una dieta generalista, a juzgar por la considerable amplitud de su nicho trófico.
Aquatic organisms with different adaptations are used as indicators in physical habitat simulation system models. Those adaptations are critical for determining the shape of the weighted usable area/width curve and for recommending values of environmental flows. The main objective of this study is to compare the use of benthic native species (Astroblepus taczanowskii and Astroblepus vanceae) versus the introduced Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) as target indicators for PHABSIM modelling in the Andean–Amazon piedmont rivers. We used adjusted probability distribution functions with L‐moments analyses for developing curves of use and preference to evaluate the efficiency of each indicator. Two hydraulic modelling sections were established in the Ulcumayo River with 21 and 27 cross sections, respectively. Native benthic species are usually dominant but scarcely used as focus organisms for environmental flows modelling. These species are associated with fast running and shallow waters, which makes them potentially more sensitive to the effects of flow reduction. Our results indicated that the native species were more restricted to velocity and depth than O. mykiss. Using selection curves in PHABSIM modelling, it is required between 10% to 94% of the mean monthly flow to preserve 90% of the available habitat for Astroblepus during the dry season (May to November). In contrast, rainbow trout requires 5% to 88% of the mean monthly flow. We conclude that a multispecies approach is useful for determining the required environmental instream flows contributing to a better sustainable condition for the Neotropical mountain rivers.
Objective: to determine the efficacy of lingual branch of glossopharyngeal nerve block in postoperative management of pain in pediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy. methods: Prospective and cross-sectional clinical trial. the sample was 105 patients between 3 and 8 years old scheduled for adenotonsillectomy, who performed lingual branch of glossopharyngeal nerve block by anterior intraoral approach with bupivacaine 0.5% + adrenaline 1:200,000. Postoperative pain using CHEOPS scale, complications, need for postoperative analgesics, recovery time using modified Aldrete scale and time for oral tolerance was assessed. Results: We studied 101 patients classified into three groups according to the level of postoperative pain divided into mild (88.1%), moderate (7.9%) and severe (4%), with means and DS for discharged time of 50.13 ± 13.912 min, 63.75 ± 10.607 min and 86.25 ± 7.5 min; first oral intake 3.08 ± 0.829 h, 4 ± 0 h and 4 ± 0 h; and, first post-discharge pain reference of 18.3 ± 7.414 h, 5.75 ± 0.866 h and 4.5 ± 1 h respectively. Analgesic reinforcement was needed in 11.9% of the cases. there were not complications. Conclusions: Lingual branch of glossopharyngeal nerve block is a useful and effective tool in the management of pain and anesthetic recovery of pediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy.
Resumen Trichomycterus punctulatus es un bagre de agua dulce de hábitos bentopelágicos, endémico de los ríos de la vertiente occidental del territorio peruano. Se trata de un depredador situado en la cima de la cadena trófica y como tal, podría constituir un buen integrador de la información ecológica, por lo que generar información sobre esta especie contribuiría con un mejor entendimiento del ensamblaje comunitario, además de propiciar su conservación y manejo. Los hábitos alimentarios de T. punctulatus se determinaron analizando el contenido estomacal de 127 individuos colectados durante dos estaciones del año: seca (Agosto, 2010) y húmeda (Mayo, 2011), en 3 sectores (6 estaciones de muestreo) de la cuenca media del río Pisco. Los ítems alimenticios, fueron identificados a nivel de familia. En base a estos datos se calcularon el Índice de Importancia Relativa (IRI) y el Índice de Importancia Numérica (INI), encontrándose que T. punctulatus consume principalmente individuos de las familias Chironomidae, Hydropsychidae y Leptohyphidae durante la temporada seca; mientras que en la temporada húmeda, consume individuos de las familias Chironomidae y Elmidae. Mediante el índice lineal de selección de alimentos (L), se determinó que T. punctulatus no presenta una selección activa, siendo más bien oportunista. Con el desarrollo del método gráfico de Cortés (1997), se determinó que la estrategia alimentaria de T. punctulatus es generalista. Por último con un análisis de Kruskal-Wallis se determinó que existe variación en los hábitos alimentarios por sector de cuenca y, entre las temporadas seca y húmeda.
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