The objective of this paper is to examine the specific provisions, within the framework of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), that protect the human right to food of the civilian population and to observe to what extent the protection of access to food is an issue taken into account by IHL during the development of an armed conflict. Answering these questions requires a detailed analysis of this branch of international law, in order to identify the specific rules of IHL that aim, directly or indirectly, to ensure that civilians do not see denied their access to food during the armed conflict, whether international or non-international. In many armed conflicts, a greater number of civilians die from food deprivation than as a direct result of hostilities. In this sense, the Statute of the International Criminal Court criminalizes those acts that, during the armed conflict, violate IHL prohibitions related to food issues, thus we will also mention them, with the aim of clarifying the possible individual criminal responsibility attributed to those who carry out such acts.
The scientific method that has been used in this work is the legal-sociological method, insofar as it is the one that we consider most appropriate for the multidisciplinary approach, always from the legal point of view, regarding the understanding of the rules, the lack of them, their effectiveness, their rationale, etc. This method is based on the idea that law cannot be studied as an isolated domain but must be analysed as part of social reality. The elaboration of this work, with a multidisciplinary object, has also required the use of several methodological techniques, such as social and legal analysis, legal deduction and induction, description and interdisciplinarity.
Los conflictos armados, ya sean internacionales o no, provocan la degradación, o incluso la destrucción, de partes del entorno natural, incluidos los animales, la vegetación, el suelo, los sistemas hídricos y los ecosistemas. En algunas situaciones, el impacto puede extenderse a grandes zonas y continuar durante años o incluso décadas después de que finalicen las hostilidades. Aunque un cierto nivel de daño medioambiental es inherente a los conflictos armados, no puede ser ilimitado. Como parte del medio ambiente, los animales se benefician de la protección que deriva de los principios y disposiciones del derecho de los conflictos armados que proporcionan salvaguardias ambientales directas e indirectas. La noción de medio ambiente, a los efectos del derecho internacional humanitario, engloba a todos los animales (incluidos los de granja o de compañía) y, en particular, la fauna silvestre y sus hábitats, así como la relación que estos seres mantienen con el sistema ecológico en el que existen. Nuestro trabajo tiene como objetivo examinar y analizar las obligaciones de las normas contenidas en el derecho de los conflictos armados que protejan el medio ambiente natural para detectar las principales vías de protección que pueden ser aplicadas a los animales, como partes del entorno natural, a este respecto. El interés en abordar este tema de investigación radica en el amor que siento hacia los animales y en la escasa literatura doctrinal en español que se ha localizado al respecto.
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