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Gymnastics is a discipline that has some factors that differentiate from other sports, such as: force, postural control on movement, extreme range of motion, and of the body expression. The objective of the present paper was to compare: somatotype, body composition and energy availability in female gymnasts students in search for a better sport performance. We evaluated 24 healthy female children aged 7 -12 years by means of a nutritional and anthropometric examinations, somatotype and body composition calculation, and energy availability measurement. We observed a low consumption of real calories intake, carbohydrates, and low amount of the real body weight mesurements among gymnatics students. Mesomorphic and ectomorfic somatotypes were the more frequent somatotypes found. Moreover, we saw significant differences in body composition and in energy availability among the differente somatotypes in student of gymnastics. Differences were located between endomorphic, mesomorphic, and ectomorphic somatotype groups in body composition while in energy availability were among mesomorphic-ectomorphic, and between endomorphic-ectomorphic groups. In conclusion, our data had important implications for performance of gymnastics in students and were discussed here.

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Background: Offspring of mothers with diabetes mellitus (DM) during pregnancy may be at high risk for developmental alterations. This study aimed to identify the effects of maternal pre-and gestational diabetes on the body mass index of infants and children at two, four, six, and eight years of age. Methods: We studied children of mothers with type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes and a control group. Maternal and neonatal variables were analyzed for associations with children overweight/obesity. Results: Mothers with DM were older than controls (32 ± 6 vs. 22 ± 6 years, p < 0.001). The frequency of preeclampsia in mothers with DM was 28%. Gestational age and weight at birth were lower in infants from the groups of mothers with DM in comparison with controls (32.8 ± 3.1 vs. 36.4 ± 2.2 weeks, p < 0.001, and 1,637 ± 600 vs. 2,208 ± 518 g, p < 0.001, respectively). At 8 years of age, 47% of the offspring of mothers with DM type 2 had overweight/obesity (odds ratio (OR 8.25) 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-51, p = 0.01), while 27% of offspring of mothers with type 1 DM had overweight/obesity, and 10% of offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes presented overweight/obesity. Conclusions: Offspring of pre-gestational DM mothers have a higher risk to develop overweight/obesity, as was observed with follow-up until school age, for which they require continuous vigilance.