The utilization of reactive high-energy milling has been reported for the synthesis of ceramic powders namely, metal oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides or mixtures of ceramics or ceramic and metal compounds. In this work, high-energy milling was used for reduction of alumina powders to nanometric particle size. The ceramic characteristics of the powders were analyzed in terms of the behavior during deagglomeration, compaction curves, sintering and microstructure characterization. It was observed that the high energy milling has strong effect in producing agglomeration of the nanosized powders. This effect is explained by the high-energy impact of the balls, which may fracture particles or just cause the particles compacting. In this case, strong agglomerates are produced. As the powder surface area increases, stronger agglomerates are produced.
Polycrystalline strontium-doped lanthanum manganite (LSM) powders with 0.15, 0.22, and 0.30 mol % Sr were synthesized by the polymeric precursor route using a molar ratio of 3:1 citric acid and metal cations. The powders were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, high-temperature X-ray diffraction to determine the crystalline perovskite phase and crystallite sizes, scanning electron microscopy for the morphological analysis, nitrogen adsorption to determine the specific surface area, and laser scattering to evaluate the particle size distribution. The LSM perovskite-type oxides containing intermediate 0.22 mol % Sr were found to exhibit a tendency to decrease in crystallite size and increase in specific surface area and, when calcined at 700-900 °C exhibited a pure phase of perovskite, had a crystallite size of about 17-20 nm and a specific surface area for 900 °C of 34.3 m 2 .g -1.
ResumoA indústria cerâmica tem grande papel ambiental quando o assunto é reciclagem de rejeitos. A grande produção industrial que vem se desenvolvendo na Região Norte do país abre espaço para utilização de rejeitos como substituto de matéria-prima na produção de cerâmicas. Esta substituição, além da vantagem ambiental, também confere vantagens às características físicas da cerâmica produzida. O presente trabalho visou estudar os efeitos causados pela incorporação de rejeito de minério de manganês em formulações de cerâmica argilosa, para avaliar até que ponto é possível incorporar o referido rejeito sem que haja prejuízo das propriedades dos produtos. Foram propostas algumas formulações contendo quantidades variadas de rejeito. Os corpos-de-prova obtidos por prensagem foram sinterizados de 1000 °C a 1200 °C por 2 h. Os resultados mostraram que o rejeito atua como fundente, melhorando propriedades do material, diminuindo a porosidade e absorção de água e aumentando a resistência mecânica das peças cerâmicas. Palavras chave: cerâmica argilosa, manganês, rejeito, reciclagem. Abstract The ceramic industry has a great environmental role when it comes to recycling waste. The industrial production that has been developed in the Northern Region of Brazil makes room for use of waste as a substitute raw material in the production of ceramics.This substitution in addition to the environmental advantage also provides interesting physical characteristics in the ceramics produced. This work aimed to study the effects caused by the incorporation of manganese ore tailings in formulations of ceramic clay, to examine the extent to which it is possible to incorporate this waste without prejudice to the product properties. It was proposed some formulations containing varying amounts of tailings. The ceramic bodies were shaped and sintered at 1000 °C to 1200 °C for 2 h. Results demonstrated that the material showed a decreasing in the porosity and water absorption, and an increasing in the bending strength as a result of the densification promoted by the tailing incorporation which acts as fluxing agent.
RESUMOEste trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar o desempenho de resistência mecânica e absorção de água de blocos solo-cimento para alvenaria, após 28 dias de cura, com a incorporação limite dos seguintes coprodutos siderúrgicos em substituição parcial ao solo: adições de até 20 % em massa do pó de balão coletado em altoforno, até 10 % de poeiras de despoeiramento de aciaria elétrica, e até 20 % de escória granulada de forno elétrico a arco. As formulações propostas incluem adições simultâneas de pós obtidos do descarte da produção de blocos solo-cimento, onde a substituição parcial ao solo foi de até 20 % em massa. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a potencialidade de uso dos resíduos siderúrgicos em blocos intertravados de solo-cimento para alvenaria sustentável, como alternativa de aplicação para esses resíduos. Verificou-se a possibilidade de bons resultados confrontando os valores exigidos por norma (absorção de água < 20% e resistência mecânica > 2,0 MPa) com destaque quando se utilizou 20% pó de balão juntamente com 10% de reuso do bloco solocimento; 10% de escória de aciaria ou 20% de escória de aciaria juntamente com 10% de reuso do bloco solo-cimento; e 2,5% de pó de despoeiramento juntamente com 20% de reuso do bloco solo-cimento. Palavras-chave:Coprodutos siderúrgicos, solo-cimento, alvenaria sustentável, estabilização. ABSTRACTThis work aims to characterize the mechanical resistance performance and water absorption of soil-cement blocks for masonry, after 28 days of moist curing, with the incorporation limit of the following steel coproducts to partial replacement of soil: up to 20% by weight of balloon blast furnace dust powder additions, 10% of dedusting dust secondary from electric arc furnace, and 20% of granulated slag of electric arc furnace. The proposed formulations also evaluated simultaneous additions of soil-cement blocks discarded, after granulated by crushing, with partial replacement of soil in up to 20% by mass. The results suggest the potential use of steel residues in soil-cement interlocked blocks for sustainable masonry, as applying alternative to this waste. It was found that the results that stood out, comparing standard specification (water absorption < 20% and strength > 2.0 MPa), the results that stood out were using 20% powder flask along with a 10% reuse of the soil-cement block; 10% of steel slag or 20% of steel slag with 10% reuse of soil-cement block; and 2.5% dusting powder with 20% reuse of the soil-cement block.
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