RESUMOEste trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar seis variedades de C. canephora do Banco de Germoplasma de Café do Instituto Agronômico, em Campinas. Para tanto, considerou-se a caracterização química de quarenta e sete exemplares analisando-se as variáveis sólidos solúveis, lipídios, trigonelina, ácidos clorogênicos e cafeína nas sementes. Observou-se a existência de grande variação entre e dentro dos diferentes materiais analisados, com valores extremos de 24,53% a 30,68% para sólidos solúveis; 6,61% a 12,27% para lipídios; 0,73% a 1,59% para trigonelina; 3,30% a 6,30% para ácidos clorogênicos e 1,94% a 3,29% para cafeína, indicando a possibilidade de seleção de plantas de interesse para o melhoramento dessa espécie.Palavras-chave: cafeína, componentes químicos, café robusta, diversidade genética, trigonelina. ABSTRACT CHEMICAL DIVERSITY IN COFFEE PLANTS OF COFFEA CANEPHORAThe objective of this work was to characterize six C. canephora varieties from the Coffee Germoplasma Collection of Instituto Agronômico, in Campinas, Brazil. For this a chemical characterization of forthy seven examples was performed. Soluble solids, lipids, trigonelline, chlorogenic acids and caffeine contents were evaluated on seeds. The results demonstrated the occurrance of great variation among and within the analyzed materials, with values ranging from 24,53% to 30,68% for soluble solids; 6,61% to 12,27% for lipids; 0,73% to 1,59% for trigonelline; 3,30% to 6,30% for chlorogenic acids and 1,94% to 3,29% for caffeine. These results indicate the possibility of selection of superior plants for the improvement of the specie.Key words: caffeine, chemical components, robust coffee, chemical diversity, trigonelline.( 1 ) Recebido para publicação em 31 de março e aceito em 8 de agosto de 2005.
The Hevea breeding program of Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC) has completed clonal evaluation on the following series: IAC 100, IAC 200 and IAC 300. The performance of 22 clones of Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell.-Arg., evolved at IAC, over a period of eleven years was evaluated in the Western Central part of the São Paulo State, Brazil. Among these 22 new clones, six were intraspecific hybrid clones (IAC 400, IAC 404, IAC 405, IAC 406, IAC 410, IAC 412) and the remaining are primary those resulted from selected ortets within half-sib progenies. An old popular clone RRIM 600, of Malaysian origin, was used as the control. The trial was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. Yield performance over a period of four years, mean girth at the 11 th year, girth increment before tapping and on tapping, thermal property of natural rubber produced, bark thickness, number of latex vessel rows in seven year virgin bark, percentage incidence of tapping panel dryness, wind damage and diseases like leaf and panel anthracnose have been observed. Sixty one percent of the clones were superior in relation to the control for yield. The clone IAC 400 recorded the highest yield (97.40 g tree -1 tap -1 ) over four years of tapping, followed by IAC 411 (78.87 tree -1 tap -1 ), whereas the control clone RRIM 600 recorded 50.86 g tree -1 tap -1. All selected clones were vigorous in growth. Girth increment of these clones was average to above average. Except for IAC 423, other clones had thick virgin bark at opening ranging from 4.84 mm for IAC 401 to 6.38 mm for IAC 416. The natural rubbers from IAC clones have shown good thermal stability up to 300 o C and no differences in the thermal behavior among rubber from clones of the IAC series and the clone RRIM 600 were found in inert atmosphere. Braz.), v.64, n.3, p.241-248,
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE CULTIVARES DE COFFEA ARABICA MEDIANTE UTILIZAÇÃO DE DESCRITORES MÍNIMOS (1)ADRIANO TOSONI DA EIRA AGUIAR (2,5) ; OLIVEIRO GUERREIRO-FILHO (2,6) , MIRIAN PEREZ MALUF (3) ; PAULO BOLLER GALLO (4) ; LUIZ CARLOS FAZUOLI (2,6) RESUMOCerca de 70% do café produzido e comercializado mundialmente é oriundo de Coffea arabica. A espécie apresenta base genética estreita sendo as cultivares bastante aparentadas e originárias em sua maioria das tradicionais cultivares Típica e Bourbon. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de identificar a eficiência de descritores mínimos na caracterização de cultivares de cafeeiros e como diferenciadores entre cultivares a serem submetidas ao processo de proteção de cultivares no Brasil. Foram avaliadas trinta e oito características botânicas ou tecnológicas das plantas, folhas, flores, frutos, sementes, assim como três características agronômicas. Utilizaram-se vinte e nove cultivares de cafeeiros selecionadas pelo Instituto Agronômico, sendo avaliadas trinta plantas de cada cultivar. Os resultados evidenciaram que apenas com a utilização das características porte, cor do fruto, resistência ao agente da ferrugem, Hemileia vastatrix e ciclo de maturação é possível obter uma discriminação eficiente dos diferentes grupos de cultivares avaliadas. A cor das folhas jovens e o diâmetro da copa revelaram-se importantes descritores na discriminação de cultivares do grupo Mundo Novo. Não foi possível, porém, identificar descritores eficientes na discriminação das cultivares dos grupos Catuaí Vermelho, Catuaí Amarelo e Icatu Vermelho.Palavras-chave: base genética, café, DHE, proteção de cultivares. ABSTRACT CHARACTERIZATION OF COFFEA ARABICA CULTIVARS BY MINIMUM DESCRIPTORSThe species Coffea arabica is responsible for 70% of the world coffee production. The majority of cultivars has a narrow genetic origin, being derived basically from two old cultivars: Tipica and Bourbon. This investigation was carried out aiming at the characterization of selected cultivars of the Instituto Agronomico according to standard descriptors. Thirty five morphological or technological traits of canopy, leaves, flowers, fruits or seeds and three agronomic traits were evaluated in twenty nine cultivar lines of the current breeding program. The variables plant height, fruit color, leaf rust resistance and earliness are sufficient for an efficient identification of groups of cultivars. The color of young leaves and plant diameter are important descriptors for discriminating cultivars of the Mundo Novo group, but they could not identify cultivars of the Catuaí Vermelho, Catuaí Amarelo and Icatu Vermelho groups.
RESUMOO desenvolvimento de novos clones de seringueira [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell.-Arg.] com alto potencial de produção aliado a outros caracteres secundários desejáveis é de fundamental importância para uma heveicultura sustentável e competitiva. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a expressão fenotípica de caracteres superiores em 17 clones de seringueira, tendo em vista a escolha dos mais promissores. Em campo, o experimento obedeceu ao delineamento de blocos ao acaso com três repetições e parcelas lineares de seis plantas. Pelos resultados, verificou-se que o clone IAC 40 foi o mais produtivo, com média de 2.316 kg de borracha seca ha -1 ano -1 no período de seis anos, seguido pelo clone IAC 300 (1.921 kg), enquanto o clone-testemunha, RRIM 600 produziu 1.493 kg. Observou-se na maior parte dos clones, crescimento superior em relação à testemunha. A porcentagem de plantas aptas à sangria variou de 40% (IAC 329) a 100% (IAC 327). Exceto nos clones IAC 56, IAC 331 e IAN 3156 com 7,21 mm, 7,18 mm e 6,40 mm respectivamente, em todos os demais notou-se espessura de casca virgem inferior ao clone RRIM 600 (6,38 mm). Com exceção do IAN 3156, os demais clones tiveram baixa incidência de secamento de painel. O bom desempenho de todos os clones IAC e amazônicos (IAN, Fx e RO) permite que sejam recomendados para plantio em pequena escala, ao tempo em que serão avaliados para futura recomendação em grande escala envolvendo diferentes ambientes do Estado de São Paulo. Palavras-chave:Hevea brasiliensis, espessura de casca, sangria, antracnose, produção de borracha. ABSTRACT PHENOTYPIC EXPRESSION OF RUBBER TREE CLONES IN THE NORTHWESTERN REGION OF SÃO PAULO STATEThe development of new clones with high production combined to other desirable secondary characters is fundamental for a sustainable and competitive rubber tree cultivation. The objective of this study was to evaluate, during a period of 13 years, the phenotypic expression of superior characters of 17 clones of rubber tree grown in the plateau region of São Paulo State, Brazil. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with three replicates and six plants per linear plot. The clone IAC 40 exhibed the highest yield (2.316 kg ha -1 year -1 ) followed by IAC 300 (1.921 kg), whereas the control clone RRIM 600 had 1.493 kg ha -1 year -1 over six years of tapping. The percentage of plants able for opening ranged from 40% for IAC 329 to 100% for IAC 327. Except for IAC 56, IAC 331 and IAN 3156, with 7.21 mm, 7.18 mm and 6.40 mm respectively, all other clones had lower thick virgin bark at opening compared to the control clone RRIM 600, which recorded 6.38 mm. Except IAN 3.156 all clones showed low incidence of panel dryness. The good performance of all clones, both from IAC and Amazone (IAN, Fx and RO) allow their recommendation for small scale cultivation, when they would be further tested in different environments of the São Paulo State, aiming recommendations in large scale.
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