No abstract

A detailed analysis is performed of amplitude variation with angle (AVA) observations in six common‐midpoint gathers with reflection points that are over and beside carbonate reefs in the Parigi Formation in the northwest Java basin. Both empirical analysis and full‐wavefield modeling of the AVA data suggest that the presence of gas affects AVA by reducing the bulk density of the reservoir, decreasing of the overburden [Formula: see text] ratio and by local attenuation caused by gas sieving through the overlying sediments. The slopes of AVA curves for reflections from the top of the Parigi are negative for brine saturation and strongly positive for gas saturation.

The trends and variance in amplitude variation with offset (AVO) observations caused by near‐surface structure, attenuation, and scattering are numerically synthesized by pseudospectral viscoelastic 2-D modeling. Near‐surface structure produces amplitude focusing and defocusing that significantly distort AVO observations in offset windows at a scale comparable to that of the lateral variations in the structure. Attenuation and scattering decrease absolute amplitudes at all offsets. Scattering and wave interference increase the variance associated with AVO measurements. Depending on the relative influence of intrinsic attenuation, apparent attenuation associated with scattering, and geometrical focusing, a normalized AVO response can increase or decrease with offset (relative to that for the associated elastic, nonscattering, 1-D solution), and so mimic the behavior predicted as a function of contrasts in density, velocity, porosity or Poisson’s ratio. If only relative (normalized) amplitudes are available, it is difficult to distinguish between effects of parameters whose main contributions are to absolute amplitude; for example, a trend of decreasing amplitude (relative to that for an elastic flat‐layered model) produced by intrinsic attenuation may be counteracted by focusing/scattering or anisotropic effects over wide aperture ranges. Diagnostic information on AVO effects of scattering and attenuation is lost when the noise level is sufficiently high. Interpretations of AVO observations based on homogeneous layered elastic models must therefore be used with caution as they are, in general, nonunique. Lateral variations in AVO parameters are the key to detecting hydrocarbons, so lateral changes in AVO produced by lateral changes in the overburden properties have potential for being misinterpreted, especially if the recording aperture is small.

One of the networks of Bank Riau Kepri Siak Branch is Bank Riau Kepri Sabak Auh shop which is expected to be able to provide productive credit marketing and be able to become a market leader for similar credit products in terms of lower interest rates than other banks. Customers of Bank Riau Kepri Kedai Sabak Auh are retail customers and there is no collaboration with cooperatives or other institutions in terms of offering credit to their members. This is different from other office units in the Bank Riau Kepri Siak network which have cooperation with cooperatives or other institutions in providing productive credit to their members. This study aims to analyze the effect of the promotion mix on the decision to use credit. The effect of the promotion mix on customer satisfaction. The effect of the decision to use productive credit and to analyze the effect of the promotion mix on customer satisfaction through the decision to use credit. The population in this study were all productive credit customers (KUKM and KUM) at Bank Riau Kepri Kedai Sabak Auh in 2021 spread across the Sabak Auh sub-district as many as 161 people. While the sample used as many as 118 people. The data used in this study were primary data and secondary data, while the data collection technique used a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used in this research is the data analysis used in this study is the Structural Equation Model. The results showed that the Promotional Mix had a positive and significant effect on the decision to use credit. Promotional mix has a positive and significant effect on visitor goals. The decision to use has an effect on customer satisfaction. And the promotion mix affects the customer's goals through the decision to use productive credit.