Since the earlier anaerobic treatment systems, the design concepts were improved from classic reactors like septic tanks and anaerobic ponds, to modern high rate reactor configurations like anaerobic filters, UASB, EGSB, fixed film fluidized bed and expanded bed reactors, and others. In this paper, anaerobic reactors are evaluated considering the historical evolution and types of wastewaters. The emphasis is on the potential for application in domestic sewage treatment, particularly in regions with a hot climate. Proper design and operation can result in a high capacity and efficiency of organic matter removal using single anaerobic reactors. Performance comparison of anaerobic treatment systems is presented based mostly on a single but practical parameter, the hydraulic retention time. Combined anaerobic reactor systems as well as combined anaerobic and non-anaerobic systems are also presented.
Este trabalho relata o desempenho de três sistemas wetland, operados com efluente proveniente de reator UASB, no que se refere à remoção de nutrientes, organismos patogênicos e material carbonáceo, durante três anos de monitoramento. A eficiência da remoção de material carbonáceo variou de 70 a 86%; o efluente produzido expresso em DQO manteve-se na média de 60mg.L-1. A remoção de nitrogênio e fósforo, durante o primeiro ano de operação, foi considerável, 66 e 86% respectivamente O wetland vegetado apresentou maior eficiência na redução de coliformes termotolerantes, quando comparado ao wetland não vegetado, ambos operados com a mesma carga hidráulica (23 mm. dia-1). No entanto a análise de variância confirma que não há diferença significativa em relação à redução de coliformes entre um e outro.
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