One of the goals of the European Union’s agroforestry plans is to alleviate the shortage of timber in Europe caused by the growing demand for hardwoods and the declining import of tropical timber. The study shows which tree species can be considered in agroforestry systems in Europe, and which of them can be used as raw material for the wood industry and what quality of wood can be produced in agroforestry systems. Since 2005, the European Union has been officially encouraging farmers to plant the crops in an agroforestry system and parallel try to produce trunks for high quality timber. By analysing the current economic developments of the European Union, especially Horizon 2020, our study provides an overview of what can be expected by the participants of the agroforestry sector and the related primary wood industry in the European Union now and in the future. In addition to the distribution analysis, indices describing projects have also been created. Rank correlation was used to examine the relationship between them. Possible decision mechanisms were also outlined using a custom-built expert software system.
One of the goals of the European Union’s agroforestry plans is to alleviate the shortage of timber in Europe caused by the growing demand for hardwoods and the declining import of tropical timber. The study shows which tree species can be considered in agroforestry systems in Europe, and which of them can be used as raw material for the wood industry and what quality of wood can be produced in agroforestry systems. Since 2005, the European Union has been officially encouraging farmers to plant the crops in an agroforestry system and parallel try to produce trunks for high quality timber. By analysing the current economic developments of the European Union, especially Horizon2020, our study provides an overview of what can be expected by the participants of the agroforestry sector and the related primary wood industry in the European Union now and in the future. In addition to the distribution analysis, indices describing projects have also been created. Rank correlation was used to examine the relationship between them. Possible decision mechanisms were also outlined using a custom-built expert software system.
The study analysed H2020 projects in the wood industry using SNA methods. It was mainly performed using R. Based on the data set from CORDIS, an adjacency matrix was constructed and used to plot the network of project participants. Various network indicators were then calculated. In search of notable distributions in network research, several statistical methods (maximum likelihood, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, moments, bootstrapping) were used to perform a goodness-offit analysis on the frequencies of the degrees to verify randomness or scale-freedom. The small-world nature was also investigated. The results show that the distribution of the degrees of project participants reflects multiple effects, whereas the number of project participations per project participant follows a power distribution; thus, the scale-freedom that has been emphasised in many scientific analyses is observed. The network indicators show that the network is not small-world, with a high number of Finnish participants among the central actors.
The authors analyse and refute a statement that appears in memory politics debates. In their view, it is unlikely that the increase in births in Vienna in March 1946 was due mainly to the sexual assaults committed by Soviet and other soldiers. It is much more likely that the temporary increase in the number of births can be traced back to the May 1945 marriage boom. Although traditional time series analysis methods are difficult to use in this case, the authors have applied simple analytical tools that make their position plausible. The results obtained also call into question the estimations of the high number of rapes committed by the Soviets. The authors also analyse some elements of the related literature.
An analysis of the literature on wood projects (n = 205) was conducted to understand current scientific trends, key issues, and the appropriate representation of scientific results. Four scientific questions were addressed: whether the number of citations in the literature follows a power function distribution after a value, whether there is any relationship between the number of articles and the number of citations per year, whether the publications available in Scopus can be considered a "true" representation of the publications, and whether the Lotka distribution for author productivity holds for the publication sample on wood projects. The power function distribution test shows that most articles have very few citations, while some articles have very many. This suggests that the scientific value of articles is not necessarily determined by the number of citations. There is a correlation between the number of publications and citations over the same period or slightly skewed in time. The Bradford distribution suggests that publications available in Scopus describing wood projects cannot be considered as a real representation of the publications on the subject. Despite this, the frequency of author productivity follows a Lotka distribution.
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