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Background The mortality from small bowel obstruction (SBO) range between 2% and 8% globally, and the proper management of it is a clinical challenge for surgeons. In Africa, intestinal obstruction accounts for a great proportion of morbidity, and in Ethiopia it ranges from 20–56%. Aims The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of disease and management outcomes among patient admitted to the surgical ward at Jimma Medical Center in Jimma, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted over 5–25 November 2019. Data were entered in Epi-data 3.1 and exported to SPSS v23 for analysis. Logistic regression was undertaken to analyse the association between dependent and independent variables, and P-values below 0.05 at 95% CI were considered indicative of a statistically significant association. Results The study revealed that patient outcomes in SBO were significantly associated with people aged over 60 years, a prolonged hospital stay of more than 14 days, septic shock complications and previous history of congestive heart failure. Conclusions SBO was shown to be an issue of major concern, with major aetiologies related to volvulus, adhesions, intussusception and hernia.

An increase in energy-cost can induce energy efficiency improvement-a reduction in energy-output ratio. There are well-established theoretical conjectures of how this can take place. As the relative energy-cost increases, it induces firms to reallocate and selectively utilize the most energy-efficient vintages. In the long-run firms could also achieve energy efficiency through investments in energy-efficient capital. This study uses the Canadian KLEMS panel data set to investigate these relationships. We employ panel vector auto regressions as well as co-integration and error correction techniques to test whether the conjectures hold in the data. Our findings support the theoretical conjectures. The channels we empirically identify suggest that the effect of increased energy-cost can be an increase in energy efficiency: by decreasing energy-capital ratio and increasing output-capital ratio. The latter effect is observed only in the long-run through induced investments in new capital.

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