BACKGROUND፡ Globally, Low Birth Weight (LBW) prevalence is estimated to be 14.6%. It is a major cause of neonatal mortality in developing countries including Ethiopia. Despite extensive institution-based studies in Ethiopia, there is no comprehensive study using countrywide data. Thus, this study aimed to investigate trends and determinants of Small Birth Weight (SBW) among under-five children in Ethiopia.METHODS: Under-five children data from 2000, 2005, 2011, and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS) were used. However, only 2787 children were weighed at birth and used for analysis in this study. Descriptive statistics and the logistic regression model were used to determine trends and determinants of SBW respectively.RESULTS: The prevalence of SBW increased from 7.0% (95% CI; 3.1-10.0) to 13.2% (95% CI; 11.4-15.0) between 2000 and 2016. The odds of SBW increased by being a female child (AOR 1.50; 95% CI [1.07-2.09]), mother’s with partner occupation of agriculture (AOR 1.54; 95% CI [1.05-2.26]) and mothers who did not know their partner’s occupation (AOR 7.35; 95% CI [1.96-27.48]). However, infants born to mothers with primary (AOR 0.43;95% CI [0.29-0.65]), secondary (AOR 0.30; 95% CI [0.16-0.55]) and higher (AOR 0.55; 95% CI [0.31-0.97]) educational status versus no education and grandmultiparous mothers (OR 0.39; 95% CI [0.19-0.78]) versus primiparous had lower odds of SBW.CONCLUSION: In Ethiopia, during the survey period, there was an increment in prevalence of SBW, and maternal related factors were significant determinants. Therefore, empowering mothers through education and improving the socioeconomic status of the household can be one strategy to reduce SBW.

Background The sexual and reproductive health of young people is a global priority. Access to sexual and reproductive health information and services will determine, the burden of adolescent pregnancies and unwanted pregnancies. Teenage pregnancy that has profound effects on the health and wellbeing of young women across their life course is a burning public health and a demographic challenge in Ethiopia. Contraceptive use allows girls to postpone motherhood and space births. However, little is known about the trends in contraceptive use and its determinant among girls aged 15 to 19 in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was designed to identify factors associated with modern contraceptive methods use among sexually active adolescent girls in Ethiopia. Methods Four Ethiopian demographic and health survey data were used to examine trends of contraceptive methods use among sexually active adolescent girls. To identify factors associated with contraceptive use, the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data was used. The data was accessed from the demographic and health survey program data base and data for sexually active adolescent girls were extracted. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21. Data were weighted for analysis. Descriptive analysis was used to describe independent variables of the study participants. And design effect was considered during analysis. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with contraceptive use. Results Modern contraceptive use increased significantly from 5.9% in 2000 to 39.3% in 2016. The odds of contraceptive use were lower among female adolescent who had no education (AOR: .038; 95%CI: (.007 to 0.216), primary education (AOR: 0.112; 95%CI: 0.026 to 0.483). But the odds of contraceptive methods use were higher among adolescent living in rich wealth status AOR: 5.131; 95%CI: (1.795 to 14.669) and those told about family planning during their health facility visit (A0R: 3.700; 95%CI: 1.517 to 9.020) Conclusion Modern contraceptive use increased significantly among sexually active adolescent girls in Ethiopia. Wealth index, education, told about family planning during their health facility visit and partner occupation were factors associated with contraceptive use. Improving economic and educational status of young women may help improve contraceptive use in Ethiopia.

Background The mortality from small bowel obstruction (SBO) range between 2% and 8% globally, and the proper management of it is a clinical challenge for surgeons. In Africa, intestinal obstruction accounts for a great proportion of morbidity, and in Ethiopia it ranges from 20–56%. Aims The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of disease and management outcomes among patient admitted to the surgical ward at Jimma Medical Center in Jimma, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted over 5–25 November 2019. Data were entered in Epi-data 3.1 and exported to SPSS v23 for analysis. Logistic regression was undertaken to analyse the association between dependent and independent variables, and P-values below 0.05 at 95% CI were considered indicative of a statistically significant association. Results The study revealed that patient outcomes in SBO were significantly associated with people aged over 60 years, a prolonged hospital stay of more than 14 days, septic shock complications and previous history of congestive heart failure. Conclusions SBO was shown to be an issue of major concern, with major aetiologies related to volvulus, adhesions, intussusception and hernia.

Background: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD), which includes gastric and duodenal ulcers, is a common condition with symptoms including epigastric or abdominal pain. It is multifactorial, with physiological, demographic and environmental risk factors, some of which make it more prevalent in developing countries. Aims: This study aims to assess the symptoms of and risk factors for PUD among students at Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. Methods: This institutional based cross-sectional study design used a self-administered questionnaire to collect data for analysis. This included logistic regression analysis, in which a p-value of <0.05 at 95% CI indicated statistical significance. Findings: Of the 240 respondents, 41.3% had symptoms indicative of PUD. Most students developed symptoms after enrolling at university and primarily managed them with medication. PUD-like symptoms were found to be associated with year of study, frequent Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs use, smoking, prolonged fasting and anxiety. Conclusions: PUD is highly prevalent in this setting. Therefore, the university may wish to raise awareness of PUD and aim to reduce anxiety among students.