Within the context of Indonesia as a muslim majority country, Islamic teaching has been widely implemented throughout the country. As a result, Islamic values have become the foundation and basic values within societal economic practices. These values, among others, include social and economic justice and equality. However, these values are not always implemented when people's injustice and greed are in play. One of the cases that can provide example in this case is the relationship between catfish farmers and distributors in Wonotunggal, Batang, Central Java. As a commodity with high economical value, many farmers grow catfish. Thus, there was a big need for catfish distributors to facilitate the rising numbers of catfish farmers, to help them sell the catfish. However, there were many distributors who made attempt to control the market, which give disadvantages to the farmers. One of the examples of such disadvantageous practices is 'ijon', or lending money to the farmers with high interest. As a result many farmers were trapped into debt. This study aims at exploring the relationship between catfish farmers and distributors in Siwatu Village, Wonotunggal, Batang.Keywords: Distributor, Catfish Farm, Patron-Client Relation Abstrak: Keberadaan ajaran Islam yang sarat akan pesan moral, tidak diperuntukkan bagi sebagian golongan saja, melainkan rahmatan li al-'alamin (berlaku universal). Implikasinya, dalam mendistribusikan kesejahteraan-kemakmuran, harus selalu berpijak pada nilai keadilan dan pemerataan. Namun dalam praktiknya, nilai moral luhur ini berhadapan dengan nafsu keserakahan manusia, yang tidak segan melakukan penindasan dalam mengeksplorasi sumber-sumber kekayaan. Hal ini juga nampak dalam relasi antara petani lele dan tengkulak di Batang. Jawa Tengah. Sebagai komoditas yang punya nilai ekonomis, membuat petani berlomba membudidayakannya. Seiring dengan merebaknya budidaya lele, muncul tengkulak, yang awalnya membantu petani dalam memasarkan budidayanya. Hubungan mulai berkembang dalam pola patron-klien, di mana tengkulak mulai mengendalikan sekaligus menindas petani dengan keunggulan modal dan daya tawar yang dimilikinya. Seringkali ini didahului dengan praktik ijon di mana tengkulak memberikan kredit rente yang mengakibatkan petani lele terjerat hutang berlipat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguak proses terjadinya hubungan patron-klien antara petani dengan tengkulak sekaligus melihat kekuatan daya ikat hubungan ini dalam budidaya lele, khususnya di Desa Siwatu, Kecamatan Wonotunggal Kabupaten Batang.

The more growth in the cosmetic industry today does not rule out that there are cheats that occur either from the ingredients used or the chemical content contained in cosmetics. In the marketing world there is a theory about consumer behavior in choosing and consuming a product, namely Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). TPB identifies influences that predict and change behavior, where behavioral intention is influenced by: a person's attitude, beliefs about whether an individual who is important to that person approves or disapproves of the behavior, and perceived control over performing the behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of consumer attitudes and subjective norms on the intention to repurchase halal cosmetics mediated by behavioral control on as many as 150 college students in Pekalongan with the sampling technique using purposive sampling. The analysis technique used in this research is the Structural Equation Modeling analysis technique with the help of the AMOS version 22 program. This research includes field research with a quantitative approach. Sources of data obtained from primary data and secondary data, while the data in this study were obtained from observations, questionnaires and documentation. Based on the results of the analysis in this study, the results show that (1) consumer attitudes have a positive and significant effect on behavior control, (2) subjective norms have a positive and significant effect on behavior control, (3) consumer attitudes have a positive and significant effect on repurchase interest, (4) subjective norm has a significant positive effect on the intention to repurchase cosmetic products labeled halal, (5) behavioral control has a positive and significant effect on repurchase interest, (6) Behavioral control can mediate the effect of consumer attitudes on consumer repurchase interest in halal cosmetic products , (7) Behavioral control can mediate the effect of subjective norms on consumer repurchase interest in halal cosmetic products.

This study aims to transform critical land governance based on Islamic spiritual values contained in the community's economic importance and environmental conservation values. This study used the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method, which was taken through 2 stages, each consisting of 4 procedures. The research involved the community in Dawuhan Village, Sirampog District, Brebes Regency, who worked together to solve problems regarding critical land. The research results show that the management of fundamental land transformation is carried out through coffee planting. This transformation is based on environmental conservation values and community economic values. The minimization of critical land status in Dawuhan village shows the importance of environmental conservation. In contrast, the economic value of the people in Dawuhan village has increased sharply after the transformation of management. The minimization of the status of critical land in Dawuhan Village is known from the increase in land planted with thorny trees (pine, coffee, and so on) from 20% to 30%. The increase in the economic value of the people in Dawuhan Village is shown by the increase in coffee yields from 1 ton to 5 tons. The growth around perennials and the economy was obtained after the implementation of the PAR conducted in this study.

Abundant potential in a village should be developed and managed by the local community to fulfill household needs. Bawang Village, Blado Subdistrict, Batang Regency with an altitude of 625-1125 meters above sea level which is a fertile mountainous and hilly area and high rainfall. The natural potential possessed by Bawang Village such as nature tourism is curug (waterfall), hot spring and beautiful scenery. Other potentials such as agriculture, clove and coffee plantations, culinary and culture can be an income for the village community if developed and managed properly. Community awareness in developing potential starts from the community formed by village youths called the coffee community with the name Sapta Wening. The Sapta Wening community begins with learning about coffee management from the grower, care, harvest, post-harvest process to brewing. Learning is carried out by the Sapta Wening community with various methods such as bringing experts to visits to several coffee communities and coffee shops.