Background: Hepatitis is a liver inflammation that can be acute or chronic and may cause damage to hepatocytes such as necrosis. Hepatocyte necrosis can be inhibited by antioxidants such as flavonoids found in Solanum melongena fruit. This study aimed to determine the hepatoprotective effect of Solanum melongena fruit infusion to inhibit hepatocytes damage in CCl 4 -induced rats. Methods: Twenty five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups, and adapted for 7 days before the experimental study. Negative and positive groups were given aquadest, Group III−V were given Solanum melongena fruit infusion containing 1.125 grams, 2.25 grams and 4.5 grams orally for 9 days. At the 9th day, all rats were induced by 8 mL/kgBW of 10% CCl4 in paraffin, except for the negative group. Rats were sacrificed on the 11th day, and liver biopsy preparations were made. Hepatocyte necrosis was counted and was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test. Results: The study showed that the percentage of necrotic hepatocytes in group III, IV a nd V were lower than in the positive group. Using Mann-Whitney test, there were significant differences in negative group, group III, and group V (p<0.05). Meanwhile, unsignificant difference was seen between the positive group and group IV (p>0.05). Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there weresignificantly differences among groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: Solanum melongena fruit infusion has hepatoprotective effects against acute hepatitis in rat model histopathologically.

Histopathology grade of meningioma is one of the most common factors determining the prognosis and affects the risk of recurrence and aggressiveness of the tumor. Biological factors related to histopathological grade are vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). This research aimed to understand the association between VEGF-A and PD-L1 with meningioma histopathology grade. This is in vivo research on 60 paraffin blocks of meningioma cases at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from April to November 2018. Paraffin block samples consist of grade I (30), grade II (15), and grade III (15) meningioma. Immunohistochemical staining of VEGF-A and PD-L1 performed to all samples. Data analyzed using the chi-square test with SPSS version 24.0 for Windows. The result shows a significant association between VEGF-A and PD-L1 immunoexpression with meningioma histopathology grade. PD-L1 is the most potent factor that influenced the histopathology grade of meningioma. The study concluded that the histopathology grade of meningiomas influenced by angiogenesis and immune checkpoints. VEGF-A and PD-L1 immunoexpression in meningioma considered as a factor that influences the aggressiveness of meningioma. HUBUNGAN IMUNOEKSPRESI VEGF-A DAN PD-L1 DENGAN DERAJAT HISTOPATOLOGI MENINGIOMADerajat histopatologi meningioma merupakan salah satu faktor yang paling umum menentukan prognosis serta memengaruhi risiko rekurensi dan agresivitas tumor. Faktor biologi yang berhubungan dengan derajat histopatologi adalah vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) dan programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan imunoekspresi VEGF-A dan PD-L1 dengan derajat histopatologi meningioma. Penelitian in vivo dilakukan pada 60 blok parafin kasus meningioma di Departemen Patologi Anatomi RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung dari April hingga November 2018. Sampel blok parafin terdiri atas meningioma derajat I (30), derajat II (15), dan derajat III (15). Pulasan imunohistokimia VEGF-A dan PD-L1 dilakukan terhadap semua sampel. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square dengam SPSS versi 24.0 untuk Windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara VEGF-A dan PD-L1 dengan derajat histopatologi meningioma. PD-L1 merupakan faktor paling kuat yang memengaruhi derajat histopatologi meningioma. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah derajat histopatologi meningioma dipengaruhi oleh faktor angiogenesis dan immune check point. Imunoekspresi VEGF-A dan PD-L1 pada meningioma dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai faktor yang memengaruhi agresivitas meningioma.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has a high incidence and mortality rate in Southeast Asia and Indonesia. Radioresistance is a major obstacle to successful treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. DNA repair in the cell cycle and angiogenesis factors affects the response of tumor cells to radiotherapy. Cyclin D1 that functions in the cell cycle process and VEGF as an angiogenesis factor are considered to play a role in the occurrence of radioresistance. The objective of this study is to find the association between immunoexpression of Cyclin D1 and VEGF with radiotherapy response in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This study used a retrospective case control analysis design, secondary data from medical records of patients diagnosed as undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma who received complete radiotherapy at the Radiation Oncology Department  Dr Hasan Sadikin Bandung were taken. There were 44 samples divided into radiosensitive (22 samples) and radioresistant (22 samples) groups. Immunohistochemical examination of Cyclin D1 and VEGF was performed on paraffin blocks of patients' biopsy. Data analysis using Chi-Square test (p ≤0.05) , OR 95% CI. Cyclin D1 expressed strongly in 86.4% of the radioresistant group and 59.1% in the radiosensitive group (p<0.05) and the OR 4,385 (0.993-19.356), VEGF was strongly expressed in 77.3% of the radioresistant group and 54.5% in the radiosensitive group (p>0.05). As conclusion, there were significant association between Cyclin D1 with radiotherapy respons in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The stronger immunoexpression of Cyclin D1, the higher likelihood of radioresistancy. VEGF immunoexpression showed no significant association with radiotherapy response.