Abstract.Prostate cancer has become a leading cause of mortality in humans. Previous studies have shown the potential anticancer properties of kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside in breast cancer cell lines. In the present study, the anticancer potential of kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside was investigated in LNCaP human prostate cancer cell lines. The inhibition of cell proliferation was investigated using MTT assays, whereas its ability to induce the caspase-cascade pathway was investigated by western blotting. The results showed that kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside inhibits the proliferation of LNCaP cells in a dose-dependent manner by upregulating the expression of caspase-8, caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase proteins. Although further studies are required, the results of the present study indicate the potential application of kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside in cancer treatment. IntroductionCancer has become a significant disease for humans. In the USA alone, there were ~1.6 million new cases and 577,190 predicted mortalities in 2012. Among all types of cancer, prostate cancer is one of the top causes of male cancer fatalities worldwide (1). It is predicted that 233,000 new cases of prostate cancer will occur in America during 2014 (2).Several treatments are available for treatment of prostate cancer, by overcoming the aggressive tumor. These include surgery, radiation, radioactive implants and hormonal therapy. However, the treatment often impacts the quality of life due to side-effects or complications (3). Thus, numerous investigators have focused on discovering novel drugs or treatments. Among all the agents tested, natural products derived from medicinal plants are among the most favorable.In our previous study, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, the major compound found in the ethyl acetate fractions of the Schima wallichii (S. wallichii) Korth. leaves, was isolated and its properties were investigated against breast cancer cell lines. The results indicated that kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside was favorable for further exploration of its anticancer therapeutic potential (4). Therefore, in the present study the anticancer properties and mechanism of kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside were investigated in prostate cancer cell lines. Materials and methodsPlant materials. S. wallichii Korth. leaves were collected from Lembang, West Java, Indonesia. The plant species was identified at the Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Padjadjaran (West Java, Indonesia).Extraction and isolation. The S. wallichii leaves were dried and extracted with 70% ethanol at room temperature three times for 24 h each. A concentrated extract was obtained in vacuo at 50˚C. The ethanol extract was partitioned into n-hexane, ethyl acetate and aqueous phases. Column chromatography on a Wakogel C 200 (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan) column was performed to the ethyl acetate fraction, as it was previously reported as the most active fraction against cancer cell lines, using a mixture of n-hexane, ethyl ac...

AbstrakRadikal bebas asap rokok dapat menyebabkan peroksidasi lipid dan perubahan patologis pada sel paru. Hal ini dapat dicegah oleh senyawa yang terkandung dalam jamur tiram putih (Pleurotus ostreatus), antara lain fenol, vitamin C, selenium, dan ergotien. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat efek ekstrak jamur tiram putih pada kadar malondialdehid (MDA) dan nilai surface density (S/V) setelah terpapar asap rokok. Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dan sebagai pembanding digunakan vitamin E. Dosis ekstrak etanol jamur tiram putih adalah 250 mg/kgBB dan paparan asap rokok diberikan 30 menit/tikus/hari menggunakan smoking pump. Pada hari ke-11 perlakuan, dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar MDA darah dengan metode thiobarbituric acid assay (TBARS) dan perhitungan nilai S/V paru secara mikroskopis. Antioxidant Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus on Malondialdehyde Level and Surface Density of Rat Lung Cells Exposed to Cigarette Smoke AbstractCigarette smoke-free radicals can cause lipid peroxidation and pathological changes in lung cells. This effect could be prevented by highly active metabolite in Pleurotus ostreatus such us fenol, ascorbid acid, selenium, and ergothiene. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the Pleurotus ostreatus extract on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and surface density (S/V) after exposure to cigarette smoke. The research used completed randomized design and á-tocopherol was used as control group. The dose of Pleurotus ostreatus ethanol extract was 250 mg/kg body weight and cigarette smoke exposure was given in 30 minutes/day for 10 days by smoking pump. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and lung surface density (S/V) were observed on day 11th. This research was done at Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hasan Sadikin Hospital on July 2009.The result showed that ethanol extract of Pleurotus ostreatus can prevent increasing level of MDA (0.4667+0.22295 nm/mL), as good as that of á-tocopherol (0,7467+0,24089 nm/mL). Ethanol extract also prevented the reduction of lung S/V (0.62283+0.4793) and it's effect was better from á-tocopherol (0.54683±0.39832), p=<0.05. In conclusion, our data shows that etanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus is a strong antioxidant that have better effect than á-tocopherol in preventing oxidative damage of cigarette smoke. [MKB. 2010;42(4):195-202].

Nyeri persalinan merupakan bagian pada proses normal yang tidak jarang menyebabkan stres fisiologis dan psikologis terhadap ibu yang berdampak pada ibu maupun janin. Sebagian besar persalinan (90%) disertai nyeri, bahkan sampai nyeri berat. Penanganan nonfarmakologi merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk mengurangi nyeri persalinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efek analgesik penghirupan aromaterapi lavender pada nyeri persalinan primigravida kala I fase aktif. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah studi praeksperimental, satu kelompok diobservasi sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan terhadap 30 ibu bersalin di Rumah Bersalin (RB) Kasih Ibu Jatirogo kabupaten Tuban provinsi Jawa Timur sebagai sampel yang dipilih secara konsekutif. Pengukuran variabel menggunakan skala nyeri numerik. Dilakukan analisis univariabel kuantitatif untuk mengetahui nyeri sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Analisis kuantitatif bivariabel Wilcoxon signed ranks test digunakan untuk mengetahui pengurangan nyeri dengan tingkat kemaknaan p<0,05. Penelitian ini dilakukan periode 14 September-31 Oktober 2009. Hasil analisis univariabel menyatakan bahwa skor nyeri rata-rata sebelum perlakuan 7,3 (SD 1,1) dan sesudah perlakuan 5,9 (SD 1,4). Hasil uji Wilcoxon signed ranks test menunjukkan pengurangan nyeri yang bermakna pascapenghirupan aromaterapi lavender (Z=-4,338; p=0,000). Simpulan, terdapat pengurangan nyeri persalinan pascapenghirupan aromaterapi lavender. [MKB. 2012;44(1):19-25].

AbstrakAir susu ibu (ASI) merupakan makanan terbaik bagi bayi. Menurut Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga tahun 2005, ASI eksklusif di perkotaan 4−12% dan pedesaan 4-5%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak air buah pepaya muda (Carica papaya L.) terhadap gambaran histologi kelenjar mamma laktasi. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Farmakologi Klinik Unpad dan laboratorium Unit Penelitian Kesehatan RS Dr. Hasan Sadikin pada bulan Juli−September 2009. Penelitian merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium terhadap 21 ekor induk mencit laktasi galur Swiss Webster, diacak menjadi 3 kelompok (n=7) dengan jumlah anak 10 ekor/induk. Kelompok I merupakan kontrol negatif. Kelompok II diberikan luteotropin 6 mg/30 g BB/hari per oral (p.o.) dan kelompok III diberikan sediaan uji 20 mg/30 g BB/hari (p.o.). Peningkatan produksi air susu diketahui melalui peningkatan jumlah dan diameter rata-rata alveoli kelenjar mamma laktasi. Perlakuan diberikan pada hari ke-4 hingga ke-16 masa menyusui. Hasil dianalisis dengan uji analysis of variance (ANOVA), dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian terhadap jumlah alveoli kelompok I: 310,57±30,16; kelompok II: 464,42±25,83 dan kelompok III: 465,14±72,41. Diameter alveoli kelenjar mamma laktasi kelompok I, II, dan III berturut-turut sebesar 296,50±21,27 μ; 394,57±53,97 μ; dan 384,29±40,40 μ. Simpulan bahwa ekstrak air buah pepaya muda memberikan efek lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif dan sebanding dengan luteotropin dalam meningkatkan jumlah dan diameter alveoli rata-rata kelenjar mamma laktasi. [MKB. 2011;43(4):160-5].Kata kunci: Carica papaya L., histologi kelenjar mamma, produksi air susu Effect of Unripe Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Aqueous Extract on Histological Feature of Mice Lactating Mammary Glands AbstractBreast milk is the best food for infants. Household Health Survey in 2005 showed exclusive breastfeeding were 4-12% in urban and 4-5% in rural areas. Objective of the study was to examine the effect of unripe papaya aqueous extract (Carica papaya L.) on lactating mammary glands histological appearance. The experiment was held on July-September 2009 at Padjadjaran University Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory and Health Research Unit of Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital in July-September 2009. A laboratorium experimental study conducted to 21 lactating Swiss Webster mice with 10 babies each. They were divided randomly into 3 groups (n=7). Group I was negative control. Group II: luteotropin 6 mg/30 g BW/day (per oral) and group III: unripe papaya aqueous extract 20 mg/30 g BW/day (per oral). Increased milk production was measured by average lactating mammary glands alveolar amounts and diameter count. Experiment started at 4 th -16 th lactation day. The result was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test. The average of alveolar amounts of group I, II and III, were 310.57±30.16, 464.42±25.83, and 465.14±72.41, respectively. The average lactating mamary glands alveolar diameter of group I: 296.50±21.27 μ, group II: 394.57±53.97...

There are no effective standard treatments for unresectable stage of liver cancer have been established. These insights lead the pursuit of targeted therapeutic strategies for reactivating apoptosis to eradicate cancer cells. It was hypothesized that active compound in the soursop leaves will be able to induce apoptosis. Objective of the study is to explore the role of novel soursop leaves active compound (SF-1603) in apoptosis induction to find a new agent for liver cancer therapy.  This study was use HepG2 cell line culture seeded in DMEM / F12. There were control group and 3 intervention group given SF-1603 with different concentration.  Apoptosis detection was done using Terminal deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) method. Statistical analyses were conducted using linear regression. The result showed the cells undergoing apoptosis in the control group less than treatment groups.  There was a strong positive correlation (r=0.847) between the rate of apoptosis and a concentration of SF-1603, reflected the  apoptotic effect with a dose-dependent manner. The study conclude, the novel  soursop  leaves  active compound SF-1603 had the strong ability to induce apoptosis on liver cancer cell line culture, so it can be used as a candidate for new agent for liver cancer therapy.