Because of the rise of life expectancy, the older adults are now a big part of world’s population. In United States, prevalence of adults aged more than 65 years old increased from 36.6 million in 2005 to 47.8 million in 2015. In Indonesia, percentage of older adults increased two-fold from 1971 – 2019 as much as 9,6% or more than 25 million people. Along with this aging population, eating problems and malnutrition are getting more frequent. Aging causes several changes and degradation of body function which physiologically lead to anorexia and eating difficulty in older adults. Moreover, the other age-related factors such as social factor, economic factor, psychological factor, diseases and polypharmacy also have significant impact on food intake in older adults. Prevalence of inadequate energy intake and malnutrition in older adults are increasing, which lead them to become susceptible to acute and chronic diseases or worsening of their disease, increase hospitalization, and increase mortality rate. Even so, the signs of malnutrition of older adults are often late to be recognized, whereas the recovery of malnutrition in older adults is much more complicating than in younger adults. This review discusses about problems encountered by older adults that decrease their intake and cause malnutrition, to help clinicians recognize the cause of malnutrition in older adults earlier.

Angsana leaves ethanol extracts known to provide antibacterial activity. The aim of this study was to determine the inhibitory activity produced by spray gel using a combination base of carbopol 940 and HPMC against Staphylococcus aureus as one of the bacteria causes of skin infections. Three formulas were prepared with various base concentrations then tested for its antibacterial activity by disc diffusion method. On initial study showed that concentration of 30% angsana leaves extract gave best inhibition so it was used in formula. The base concentration at F1 was 0.4% carbopol 940 and 0.4% HPMC, F2 was 0.2% carbopol 940 and 0.4% HPMC and F3 was 0.4% carbopol at 10.5, 11mm, and 11mm. The combination of gelling agent used in the formula did not show a significant difference in antibacterial activity, but the formula needs to be studied further to evaluate its performance.

Introduction: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease affecting large intestine, characterized by rectal bleeding, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and could be accompanied by extraintestinal manifestation such as fever, anemia, and weight loss. Ulcerative colitis is causing an inflammation even ulceration of the rectum which can extend to proximal colon. The incidence of this disease is increasing worldwide and its frequency is variable depend on age, race and geographic area. Thorough history and examination are needed in diagnosing ulcerative colitis, since its symptoms are similar to many other gastrointestinal diseases. Definitive diagnosis of ulcerative colitis can be obtained by colonoscopy and histopathology. Case Report: We reported a case of 53 years old man who suffered from diarrhea and weight loss for one month before admission. There were also blood and mucus in his stool. The result of colonoscopy was hyperemia and ulcers along the rectum to the caecum. Histopathology examination showed pieces of intestinal mucosal tissue covered by columnar epithelium, with goblet cell and round-oval core. The lamina propria is densely packed with lymphocyte cells, plasma cells and PMN leukocytes. This result represents chronic colitis with acute exacerbation. Conclusion: Patient was treated with mesalazine 3x1000 mg per oral, methyl prednisolone 3x16 mg per oral, and low fiber diet to achieve remission.