Background: Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an acute polyradiculopathy which is quite common in all ages. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and electrophysiologicaspects of Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) in children. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Neurophysiology of National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Bangladesh from July 2016 to June 2018. Patients under 18 years of age fulfilling Brighton diagnostic criteria for GBS were included in this study. These patients were evaluated by detailed history, physical examination, and electrophysiological findings. Results: A total of 82 patients of GBS were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 12.93± 5.02 years (range 1 to<18 years). Most of the patients were male (64.6%) and from the middle-income group (70.73%). About Fourty eight percent of patients had a history of preceding illness among which gastrointestinal infection(24.3%) was the most common. Tingling and paresthesiaswas complained by 32.4% of patients as the first symptom. AMAN(61%) was the most common GBS variant followed by AIDP(26.8%). 9 (11%) patients needed ICU support among them AIDP was more frequent. Conclusion: AMAN is the most common variant among children in this population by electrophysiologic testing. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2019;5(1): 2-7

Background: A good history and a standard EEG recording help establish most of the epilepsy syndromes. Objective: The objective of this study was to establish different epilepsy syndromes on the basis of history and EEG in the clinically suspected seizure events. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the neurophysiology laboratory of National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2013 to December 2015, which included 2549 patients. EEG was obtained through surface scalp electrodes according to international 10/20 system. Patient and their attendants were interviewed using a semi structured questionnaire. The EEG findings, clinical history and in appropriate cases the neuroimaging, CSF and hematological findings were then correlated. Result: Among the 2549 patients most were children (39.8% less than 10 years old) and young adult (30.63% in 11 to 20 years age group). Male patients outnumbered female (63% and 36 % respectively). The overall sensitivity of EEG in yielding abnormal interictal epileptiform discharges was 42%. About 32% of total 2549 patients were diagnosed as localization-related epilepsy (LRE), 5% idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), 1.41% was Epileptic encephalopathy. Conclusion: In conclusion EEG is helpful in classifying the types of seizure, aids in defining the epilepsy syndrome, predicting the outcome and assists in management of patients. [Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2017;3(1): 3-6]

Background: To examine the pattern and burden of neurologic disorders at electrophysiology lab of a tertiary care centre.

Panayiotopoulos syndrome is a type of benign childhood epilepsy syndrome characterized by episodic autonomic and mainly emetic symptoms. It predominantly affects children of 3-6 years of age (13% of those with one or more non-febrile seizures). EEG shows great variability, with occipital, extra-occipital spikes or brief generalised discharges alone or in combination; it may also be consistently normal. Despite the high prevalence of autonomic status epilepticus, the prognosis of Panayiotopoulos syndrome is usually excellent and most do not require anti epileptic medications. Remission usually occurs within 1-2 years from onset. One third have a single seizure but 5-10% may have more than 10 seizures or a more prolonged course. We present a 5 year old boy with this condition, who presented with episodes of severe vomiting, deviation of eyes, focal seizure, altered sensorium, characteristic EEG in the form of multiple occipital spikes and normal neuroimaging studies.

Background: The visual evoked potentials (VEP) is a valuable tool to document occult lesions of the central visual channels especially within the optic nerve. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to observe the findings of first few cases of VEP done in the neurophysiology department of the National Institute of Neurosciences (NINS), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Neurophysiology at the National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from September 2017 to March 2020. All patients referred to the Neurophysiology Department of NINS for VEP were included. Pattern reversal VEPs were done using standard protocol set by International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN). Results: The mean age of the study population was 30.70 (±12.11) years (6-68 years) with 31 (46.3%) male and 36 (53.7%) female patients. The mean duration of illness was 8.71 (±1.78) months (3 days- 120 months). Most common presenting symptom was blurring of vision (37.3%) and dimness of vision (32.8%). Patterned VEP revealed mixed type (both demyelinating and axonal) of abnormality in most cases [29(43.35)]. The most common clinical diagnosis was multiple sclerosis (29.85%) and optic neuropathy (26.87%). In the clinically suspected cases of multiple sclerosis, optic neuropathy and optic neuritis most of the cases of VEP were abnormal and the p value is 0.04 in optic neuropathy and optic neuritis. Conclusion: The commonest presentation of the patients in this series were blurring of vision and dimness of vision. The most common clinical diagnosis for which VEP was asked for, was optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis. Most abnormalities were of mixed pattern (demyelinating and axonal). Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2020;6(2): 74-77