No abstract

Fascioliasis is a zoonotic disease. Their greatest importance lies in the economic impact. In order to know the current status of this parasite in the province, we decided to carry out the Epidemiology. We used history-necropsy technique for the diagnosis of this parasitosis in infected bovine animals. When we were suspecting to fascioliasis we did a proper history of the area where the animals were sick. A retrospective study was carried out based on the existent registrations of Fascioliasis discoveries in the bovine slaughterhouse of Ilam province during 3 years successively. In the year of (07-08), 8.48% of the sacrificed animals were infested. The year of (08-09) 6.03% and the third years (09-10) 11.09%. In the (2007-2010) we found a high prevalence of Fascioliasis in animals slaughtered in the province, rising more than one third of the total, with significant differences in proportions (P<0.01) among the three years. The findings were also subcapsular hematomas, venous congestion and fibrous peritonitis. The economic losses were considerable.

I n t r o d u c t i o n : Tobacco use is widely spread throughout the world. Smoking has several adverse effects on human health ranging from minor health conditions to death. A i m : This study aimed to investigate effect of smoking on level of saliva cyanide, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) among smokers compared to nonsmokers in the city of Ilam, Iran. M a t e r i a l a n d m e t h o d s : This study was carried out among two equal groups of smokers as cases and nonsmokers as controls (N = 76) which were matched in terms of their age range. Dental roll and direct saliva method were used to collect samples. The saliva sample was stored at-18°C. The level of salivary cyanide was measured using the spectrophotometric method. IL-2 and IFN-γ were measured by ELISA. R e s u l t s a n d d i s c u s s i o n : We found level of cyanide in the saliva of smokers was higher than that in nonsmokers. In addition, level of cyanide in the smokers' saliva increased (164.21 ± 18.54 µg/mL) significantly compared to nonsmokers (42.63 ± 24.01 µg/mL). A significant increase was found in the level of IFN-γ and IL-2 among smokers compared to nonsmokers. However, there was a significant decrease in the level of IFN-γ and IL-2 with increased intensity of smoking. C o n c l u s i o n s : Heavy smoking was associated with an increased level of salivary cyanide and a decreased level of sera IFN-γ. Recognizing immunosuppression mechanisms produced by cigarette-smoking is a platform for identifying the best therapeutic and management approaches in smoke-induced diseases.