Background:The prevalence of anxiety disorders among children and adolescents are found to be approximately between 8–12 and 5–10, respectively, and the long-lasting effects of such disorders can expose the sufferers to impairment and dysfunction in several areas of life the examples of which are poor educational performance, low self-esteem, and depression. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of internet-based, cognitive-behavioral therapy (ICBT) in treating the anxiety disorders among adolescent females.Materials and Methods:The sample included thirty girls aged between 10 and 18 years suffering from a variety of anxiety disorders, under pharmaceutical therapy and referred to clinics of child and adolescent psychiatry specialists in Isfahan. The sample was selected through diagnostic interviews by psychiatrists based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision; afterward, they were randomly assigned to either the experimental or the control groups. To evaluate the efficacy of an ICBT in reducing anxiety disorder symptoms, Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders questionnaire was administered among the patients both before and 4 weeks after the treatment.Results:The covariance analysis results aimed to compare the anxiety disorder score variations between the two groups which demonstrate the fact that anxiety disorder scores in these two groups differ from one another (P < 0.001).Conclusions:This study is comprised of two Conclusions.the significant reduction in the mean of anxiety disorders scores in the experimental group compared to those in control group can be indicative of the efficacy of ICBT. In addition the significant reduction in the average of anxiety disorders symptoms’ scores according to the type of anxiety disorders in the experimental group, compared to those in control group, can be indicative of the efficacy of ICBT.

Background The use of oxytocin as a therapy to treat social deficiencies in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is gaining popularity. This study aimed to determine oxytocin nasal spray’s effect in combination with applied behavior analysis (ABA) method in improving social impairments in pediatrics with ASD. Results Our study’s main findings have revealed that intervention with INT-OXT compared to NS effectively reduced the ASD index and stereotyped behaviors on the GARS-2 scale (p < 0.05), in addition to teacher and parent’s SDQ mean score (p < 0.001). Also, during the follow-up time, the intervention with INT-OXT in ASD index, stereotyped behaviors, communication, social interaction, and parent and teacher mean SDQ scores were statically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusions In pediatrics with autism aged between 4 and 17 years, a 6-week course of INT-OXT combination therapy with ABA improved GARS-2 and teacher and parent SDQ scores compared to NS.

Background and Purpose: Children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suffer from developmental and functional defects that can cause serious damages to the family, including mother-child relationships. This study sought to determine the effectiveness of compassion-based therapy on post-traumatic growth in mothers of children with ADHD. Method: This study was a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design. The sample of this study included 20 mothers with children with ADHD in Isfahan city in 2017 who were selected by purposeful sampling and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Data were collected using the Tedeschi and Calhoun scale (1996). Participants in the experimental group received a compassion-based therapy in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, whereas the control group received no intervention. For analyzing the data, covariance analysis was used. Results: The results showed that the method of compassion-based therapy improved the sense of internal power and change in goals and priorities of life, while it had no effect on the feeling of proximity and intimacy with others and trying to maintain relationships with others. (p <0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that compassionfocused therapy can be used to manage, organize and prioritize activities in mothers of children with ADHD.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common psychiatric disorder in childhood. Concurrent anxiety disorders have turned into a challenging issue for psychiatrists. Numerous medications have been applied with controversial responses. Objectives: The current study aimed to compare the efficacy of the combination of methylphenidate (MPH) and fluoxetine (FLX) versus atomoxetine (ATX) in the symptoms and function of ADHD children with concurrent anxiety disorders. Methods: The current randomized clinical was conducted on 76 outpatient children with concurrent ADHD and anxiety disorder within 2020 - 2021. The patients were divided into two equal groups. The first group was treated with MPH (5 mg twice daily) plus FLX (10 - 20 mg daily); nevertheless, the second group received ATX with a dose of 1.4 mg/kg. The Conner’s Parents Rating Scale (CPRS), Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), and Children’s Anxiety Impact Scale-Child (CAIS-C) were applied to assess anxiety at the baseline and 1 month and 4 months after the interventions. Results: The mean age of the studied population was 9.26 ± 1.92 years (range: 6 - 12 years), and 46 subjects (57.89%) were male. The significant trends of improvement in both groups, regardless of the interventions in the assessments of all the scales, were noted (P < 0.001 for all the scales); however, the comparison of the groups revealed no differences in the CPRS (P = 0.397), SACRED (P = 0.663), and CAIS-C (P = 0.683). Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, as ATX alone was as effective as MPH plus FLX for controlling anxiety disorders among ADHD children, ATX is preferred to apply fewer daily medications.