The study aims at analysing the occupational burnout phenomenon, the level of anxiety and depression, as well as the quality of life (QOL) of healthcare workers (HCW) during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were 497 healthcare workers examined across Poland. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) and World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument Short Form (WHOQOL BREF) were used. A total of 71.63% (356) of the respondents presented high and moderate levels of emotional exhaustion during the pandemic, 71.43% (355) reported low and moderate job satisfaction levels, whereas 40.85% (203) displayed high and moderate levels of depersonalization. A group of 62.57% (n = 311) demonstrated clear or borderline states of anxiety disorders, while 38.83% (n = 193) suffered from depression or its borderline symptoms. Direct predictors of occupational burnout included: escalating depression; quality of life domains such as the physical, psychological and social; being provided personal protective equipment (PPE) by an employer; age; medical profession; and material status. Emotional exhaustion appeared to be much higher in nursing and ‘other’ medical professionals than in physiotherapists (p = 0.023). In the times of pandemic, the occupational burnout prophylaxis ought to be focused on early recognition of depression like symptoms and their treatment, as well as providing the staff with PPE and satisfying earnings.

Background. The somatic features of the athletes' bodies partially determine their sporting level and are conditioned to a large extent by the state of nutrition. Objective. The aim of this paper is to present nutritional status and its correlation with the somatic determinants of training athletes and physical education students. Material and methods. This study involved 12 weightlifting players (subgroup-WL), 15 soccer players (subgroup-SP), 12 table tennis players (subgroup-TT) and 12 female students of physical education (subgroup-C). In all subjects, the age and somatic variables were recorded and the daily intake of energy, water, proteins, fats and carbohydrates was determined by 24-h dietary recalls. Results. Although the analysis of variance did not show significant differences in somatic variables and nutrition data, post hoc analysis showed significant differences between some subgroups in terms of age, BMI, fat content (BF), fat-free mass (FFM) and the amount of water, protein and carbohydrates consumed during the day. It was also shown that somatic variables correlated with relatively expressed amounts of energy, proteins and carbohydrates consumed in individual subgroups, as well as in the whole group formed from all subgroups of studied women. In addition, there were significant correlations between somatic variables and the total amount of water consumed in the whole group and the total amount of protein consumed in subgroup C (p<0.05), as well as the total amount of fat consumed in subgroup WL. Conclusions. In summary, it was found that the examined women used an abnormal hypoenergetic diet with too low carbohydrate content in which were more useful relative than absolute amounts of consumed proteins, fats and carbohydrates. In this unfavorable situation, dietary education of the respondents seems to be necessary. STRESZCZENIEWprowadzenie. Cechy somatyczne organizmu sportowca częściowo determinują jego poziom sportowy i są uwarunkowane w znacznym stopniu stanem odżywienia. Cel. Celem prezentowanej pracy jest przedstawienie stanu odżywienia i jego współzależności z somatycznymi uwarunkowaniami trenujących sportsmenek i studentek wychowania fizycznego. Materiał i metody. Badaniom poddano 12 zawodniczek podnoszących ciężary (podgrupa-WL), 15 piłkarek nożnych (podgrupa-FP), 12 tenisistek stołowych (podgrupa-TT) oraz 12 studentek wychowania fizyczngo (podgrupa-C). U wszystkich badanych zarejestrowano wiek i zmienne somatyczne oraz określono dobową ilość przyjmowanej energii, wody, białek, tłuszczów i węglowodanów z zastosowaniem techniki 24 h rejestracji wstecznej. Wyniki. Pomimo, że analiza wariancji nie wykazała istotnych różnic w zakresie zmiennych somatycznych i danych żywieniowych to w analizie post hoc wykazano występowanie istotnych różnic pomiędzy niektórymi podgrupami w zakresie: wieku, wskaźnika BMI, zawartości tłuszczu (BF), beztłuszczowej masy ciała (FFM) oraz ilości wody, białka i węglowodanów spożywanych w ciągu doby. Wykazano też, że zmienne somatyczne korelowały z względnie wyrażonymi ...

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The study aimed at assessing physical fitness and occurrence of the frailty syndrome among social welfare homes’ residents as well as defining factors which determine the level of frailty and its occurrence. The examination included 198 residents (115 females and 83 males of average age 75.5 ± 10.21) and was carried out with the use of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) test with the following cut-off points: 0–6—frail, 7–9—pre-frail, 10–12—non-frail. The research additionally collected data regarding age, gender, number of chronic diseases, education level, type of prior work and current physical activity. In addition, the height and weight of the respondents were measured. The frailty syndrome was found in more than a half of the examinees (104; 52.53%), the pre-frailty state in 30.30% (n = 60) and 17.17% (n = 34) were non-frail. The average result of the SPPB test was 6.52 ± 2.73, which proves a moderate limitation of the sample group’s fitness. No significant differences were noted between female and male respondents (p = 0.27). The multifactorial linear regression model showed that independent and direct frailty syndrome predicators included age, number of chronic diseases and regular physical activity (p < 0.05). In conclusion, promoting and encouraging regular, age and interest-related forms of physical activity among seniors might foster the maintenance of their physiological reservoir and functional efficiency.

IntroductionThe effects of homelessness on homeless people are large. Elderly homeless are in a particularly difficult situation. Being rejected from professional, social and cultural life, homeless seniors may develop depression and cognitive dysfunction.AimThe aim of the study was to assess socio-demographic variables of homeless seniors and to assess the intensity of depression symptoms and the cognitive functions of older people from different life environments.Material and methodsForty people aged 65 and over from the Opolskie Voivodeship were examined. The study group consisted of 20 homeless people. The control group consisted of 20 people living independently. Socio-demographics included age, gender, marital status, education and working status. The 15-point geriatric depression scale (GDS) was used to assess symptoms of depression. The clock drawing test (CDT) in the Sunderland version was used to assess cognitive functions.Results and discussionThe homeless seniors and those living independently differed statistically significantly in terms of education (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and working status (<i>P</i> = 0.004). The differences in GDS between the groups were not statistically significant. The differences in CTD between the groups were statistically significant (<i>P</i> = 0.029). Homeless seniors have significantly greater cognitive impairment. The collected results in our own study, using the GDS and CDT scale, do not indicate a diagnosis of depression and cognitive disorders, but may only suggest their occurrence.ConclusionsHomeless seniors most often have a low level of education and are unemployed. Seniors experiencing homelessness demonstrate lower cognitive functioning.