'Ulcero-membranous lesions over tonsil' is a special entity, which puzzles every physician and surgeon because of it's diverse etiology. Every insult to the tonsil heals by ulcer and later membrane formation. A retrospective study has been conducted at our institute to analyse the cases of ulcero-membranous lesions of tonsil in terms of etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment protocols and outcome in an Indian context. Diphtheria, if not detected early and treated, can lead to significant morbidity and mortality because of critical complications. Diphtheria mainly affects children aged between 1 and 5 years, however, due to good vaccine coverage, a shift in age incidence has been observed from preschool to school age (5-15 years) with more and more cases now being reported in adults. The health agencies and the government will have to take maximum efforts to increase immunization coverage as India has witnessed the highest number of cases in the world for the year 2015.

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Background: Intussusception in adults is distinct from pediatric intussusception in many aspects. In contrast to intussusceptions in children, a demonstrable etiology is found in 70%-95% of the cases in the adult population, and approximately 40% of them are caused by primary or secondary malignant neoplasms. But lymphomas, as a cause of lead point in adult intussusception, are extremely rare and only less than 50 cases have been reported in the literature. Case Presentation: We are reporting a 44-year-old male who presented with a right iliac fossa mass and clinical features of intussusception and who was operated upon. Per-operative findings were consistent with ileocecal intussusception and a radical right hemicolectomy was conducted. Histopathological examination revealed it as a case of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma presenting as the lead point. This case is discussed because of the rarity of the disease and possible cure if diagnosed early and treated aggressively. Conclusion: Ileocolic intussusception is adults is usually caused by malignancy and mostly as adenocarcinoma. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma as a lead point is extremely rare and is usually a histologic surprise. However, a radical en mass resection without reduction is ideal in all forms of adult colocolic and ileocolic intussusception.

Background: Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is a type of thyroid cancer that arises from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. It accounts for about 10%-15% of all thyroid cancers. CA 125 is a protein that is often used as a tumor marker for ovarian cancer, but it can also be elevated in other types of cancers, including thyroid cancer. The significance of raised CA 125 levels in FTC is not clear, but it indicates a more advanced or aggressive form of the disease [1,2]. Case Presentation: A 62-year-old male presented with a painless neck mass (Figure 1) for 8 years. Ultrasonography revealed a solid nodule in the left lobe of the thyroid gland. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the nodule showed features of follicular neoplasm. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen and blood routine ruled out other causes of raised CA 125. Chest X ray and CECT neck (Figure 2) and thorax showed lung (Figure 3) and thoracic vertebra metastasis (Figure 5). Total thyroidectomy with bilateral central compartment lymph node dissection was performed. Histopathology confirmed FTC (Figure 4) with capsular invasion, and lymphovascular and perineural invasion and lymph node-positive. The tumor was classified as T3bN1a according to the tumor, nodes, and metastasis staging system. I131 scan post-surgery showed uptake in lung metastasis sites which confirmed the diagnosis. Conclusion: The role of serum tumor markers, such as CA 125, in predicting the prognosis of FTC is not well established. However, elevated CA 125 levels have been reported in some cases of thyroid carcinoma with metastasis, and may reflect the presence of peritoneal or pleural involvement [3,4]. This case highlights the aggressive nature of FTC with metastasis and the limited treatment options available for patients with advanced disease. CA 125 as a prognostic marker in FTC warrants further investigation [5].

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