IntroductionExperimental studies have demonstrated that dextran-70 reduces the leukocyte–endothelium interaction, but clinical evidence is still lacking. Our objective was to justify the anti-inflammatory effect of dextran-70 following cardiac operations.MethodsForty patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery (n = 32) or aortic valve replacement (n = 8) were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Two groups were formed. In group A (n = 20), dextran-70 infusion was administered at a dose of 7.5 ml/kg before the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass and at a dose of 12.5 ml/kg after the cessation of cardiopulmonary bypass. Group B served as a control with identical amounts of gelatin infusion (n = 20). The plasma concentration of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, IL 6, IL 6r, IL 8, IL 10, soluble endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, cardiac troponin-I and various haemodynamic parameters were measured in the perioperative period. Multivariate methods were used for statistical analysis.ResultsIn group A, lower peak (median) plasma levels of procalcitonin (0.2 versus 1.4, p < 0.001), IL 8 (5.6 versus 94.8, p < 0.001), IL 10 (47.2 versus 209.7, p = 0.001), endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (88.5 versus 130.6, p = 0.033), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (806.7 versus 1,375.7, P = 0.001) and troponin-I (0.22 versus 0.66, p = 0.018) were found. There was no significant difference in IL 6, IL-6r and C-reactive protein values between groups. Higher figures of the cardiac index (p = 0.010) along with reduced systemic vascular resistance (p = 0.005) were noted in group A.ConclusionOur investigation demonstrated that the use of dextran-70 reduces the systemic inflammatory response and cardiac troponin-I release following cardiac operation.Trial registration numberISRCTN38289094.
Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: Szívműtétek után a kis volumenű (1–2 E) transzfúzió a betegek több mint negyedét érinti, ami még az alacsony kockázatú esetekben is növelheti a szövődmények előfordulását, a mortalitást és a vérfelhasználást. Célkitűzés: A rizikótényezők vizsgálatával azokat a módszereket kerestük, amelyekkel csökkenteni lehet a kis volumenű transzfúziók gyakoriságát. Módszer: A kórházi kezelés során alkalmazott, kis volumenű vörösvértest (vvt)-transzfúzió rizikófaktorait vizsgáltuk 1011 szívsebészeti betegnél logisztikus regressziós analízissel. A kis volumenű transzfúzióval kezelt betegek (n = 276, 27,3%) adatait a transzfúzióban nem részesült betegek (n = 448, 44,3%) adataival (kontrollcsoport) hasonlítottuk össze. Az 1011 betegből 287 beteg legalább 3 E vvt-koncentrátum transzfúziójában részesült. Ez utóbbi csoport a vizsgálatba nem került be. Eredmények: A kis volumenű transzfúzió alkalmazásának befolyásoló tényezői a következők voltak: a női nem (OR = 2,048; p = 0,002), az életkor (OR = 1,033; p = 0,002), a testsúly (OR = 0,954; p<0,001), a preoperatív hemoglobinkoncentráció <130 g/l (OR = 3,185; p<0,001), a preoperatív glomerulusfiltratiós ráta <60 ml/min/1,73 m2 (OR = 1,750; p = 0,026), az „off-pump” coronariaműtét (OR = 0,371; p<0,001), a kombinált műtét (OR = 2,432; p = 0,015), a műtéti folyadékegyenleg (OR = 1,227; p = 0,005), az intraoperatív vérzés (OR = 1,002; p<0,001), a műtét időpontjáig fenntartott preoperatív klopidogrélkezelés, valamint a posztoperatív vérzés >1200 ml (OR = 2,438; p<0,005). Következtetés: A kis volumenű transzfúzió elkerülése érdekében a preoperatív anaemia kiszűrése és előkezelése, a műtéti haemodilutio csökkentése, a minimálinvazív és „off-pump” coronariaműtétek számának növelése, valamint a sebészi haemostasisprotokoll alkalmazása jelenthet megoldást. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(14): 551–557. Summary. Introduction: Low-volume (1–2 U) transfusion affects more than a quarter of cardiac surgical patients. This may increase the incidence of complications, mortality, and blood use, even in low-risk patients. Objective: By analyzing risk factors, we searched for measures to reduce the frequency of low-volume transfusions. Method: The risk factors for transfusion of up to 2 U red blood cells were examined in 1011 patients. We compared data from 276 (27.3%) patients who received low-volume transfusion (study group) with 448 (44.3%) patients who received no transfusion (control group). 287 patients (28,4%), who received more than 2 U red blood cells, were excluded. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of data was performed. Results: The factors affecting low-volume transfusion were female gender (OR = 2.048; p = 0.002), age (OR = 1.033; p = 0.002), body weight (OR = 0.954; p<0.001), preoperative hemoglobin value of <130 g/l (OR = 3.185; p<0.001), preoperative glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (OR = 1.750; p = 0.026), off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OR = 0.371; p<0.001), combined procedures (OR = 2.432; p = 0.015), perioperative fluid balance (OR = 1.227; p = 0.005), intraoperative bleeding and preoperative clopidogrel treatment (OR = 1.002; p<0.001), postoperative bleeding >1200 ml/24 hours (OR = 2.438; p<0.005). Conclusion: Screening and treatment of preoperative anemia, decreasing operative hemodilution, increasing the number of minimally invasive and off-pump procedures as well as applying a surgical hemostasis protocol could be a solution to avoid low-volume transfusion in cardiac surgery. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(14): 551–557.
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