OLEJE TŁOCZONE NA ZIMNO JAKO ŻYWNOŚĆ FUNKCJONALNA S t r e s z c z e n i e W okresie wzmożonego popytu na żywność "naturalną" w kategorii tłuszczów roślinnych konsumenci poszukują produktów, które nie są wytwarzane na drodze ekstrakcji olejów z nasion rozpuszczalnikami organicznymi oraz nie są poddawane późniejszej rafinacji chemicznej i fizycznej. Takimi produktami są oleje tłoczone na zimno, których spożycie może prowadzić do zahamowania bądź opóźnienia rozwoju dietozależnych chorób cywilizacyjnych, takich jak: otyłość, niedokrwienna choroba serca, nadciśnienie tętnicze. Wśród olejów tłoczonych na zimno można wyróżnić oleje pozyskane z nasion (len, lnianka, wiesiołek, ogórecznik lekarski, amarantus), pestek (dynia, czarna porzeczka), owoców (oliwki, owoce rokitnika), orzechów (laskowych, włoskich) czy kiełków (pszenicy). Przede wszystkim są one źródłem nienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych, w tym niezbędnych nienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych-linolowego i -linolenowego. Ponadto oleje dostarczają składników bioaktywnych, jak: tokoferole i tokotrienole, sterole wolne i zestryfikowane, węglowodory (skwalen), alkohole triterpenowe, karotenoidy i chlorofile oraz inne związki odpowiadające za barwę, które są składnikami bardzo cennymi pod względem żywieniowym. Udział tych składników w oleju zależy głównie od jakości, rodzaju surowca i jego odmian.
Wines from 19 grape varieties were investigated in order to identify potassium and calcium complexes of non- and cyclic B-type proanthocyanidins that were recently discovered. The results showed a dependence of the distribution of metal complexes according to the cyclic or non cyclic geometry of proanthocyanidins. The multivariate analysis of the mass spectrometric results showed a relationship with the grape variety, however not so straightforward as evidenced for the non-complexed species.
The performance of a novel rapid-scanning (20,000 amu/s) quadrupole mass spectrometer (qMS) has been evaluated in the comprehensive 2-D gas chromatography (GC×GC) analysis of pesticides contained in water. Analyte extraction was performed by using direct solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The MS system was operated using a rather wide m/z 50-450 mass range and a 33 Hz spectral production rate, a frequency which was found sufficient for reliable quantification. The qMS performance was evaluated considering: (i) number of data points per peak, (ii) mass spectral quality, (iii) extent of peak skewing, and (iv) consistency of retention times. Seven-point calibration curves (external calibration) were constructed for 28 pesticides over the limit of quantification range of 100 μg/L (1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μg/L). The solid-phase microextraction-GC×GC-qMS method was validated by calculating limits of detection and quantification, intraday peak area precision, accuracy, and intraday retention-time precision. A series of tap water samples were subjected to analysis, fortunately giving negative results.
Occurring food losses and waste (FLW) are a result of ineffective functioning of food systems. Depending on the volume or region in which they occur they generate economic, social, environmental and health impacts. This paper analyzes the available polish and foreign scientific literature on the issue of food security and food losses and waste. Food losses and waste generate a lot of negative effects, which may directly or indirectly affect the four pillars of food security: food availability, access to food, food utilization and stability. Many activities are undertaken in order to prevent or minimize generated food losses and waste. On the other hand already created losses or waste can be used for example by redistributing or reusing food or its components, which may contribute to ensure food security.
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