The following article describes the role of semantics in political marketing, emphasizing the mechanism of framing and perspectivising in discourse. The complexity of the framing process is discussed in the introduction, then the linguistic aspect of political framing is debated and the technique of wording formulation in political discourse analyzed. Finally, implications and conclusions for further research are presented. Examples of political framing provided within the paper are based on the analysis of contemporary public discourses.
Crises of reputation are rarely studied from the linguistic point of view, which results in several research gaps. Therefore, in this study three selected crisis cases have been analyzed as asynchronous online polylogues—Internet debates performed by stakeholders in different sources from the moment of publication. In this approach corpus analysis has been combined with the theory of computer-mediated communication, speech acts and a semantic study of emotions. One of the findings was that certain common patterns of subtopics, emotion expressions and communicative actions are noticeable in the user-generated content across different crisis cases. Contrary to some NLP studies, emotions expressed by stakeholders in a crisis situation refer not to the major topic, but to its subtopics, which impacts the construction of text-mining models. Unlike in pre-social media studies, sarcasm and not anger is the major emotion expressed textually in reaction to a crisis of reputation.
Towards the Application of Speech Act Theory to Opinion MiningThe paper refers to the pragmatics’ perspective on opinion mining in Polish and English, inspired by the discrepancy between the coverage of sentiment analysis and the market demand. An analysis of speech acts expressed in opinion texts reveals that almost half of all opinions include ways of indirect evaluation that might not get extracted while applying traditional methods of sentiment analysis based on direct evaluative vocabulary and polarity lexicons. Coding of sentiment with respect to speech acts could vastly broaden data mining results within an NLP-system. O zastosowaniu teorii aktów mowy w ekstrakcji danych z tekstów opinii internetowychJedno z aktualnych zagadnień językoznawstwa komputerowego, jakim jest automatyczne badanie wydźwięku wypowiedzi, nie uwzględniło dotychczas w wystarczającym stopniu pragmatyki językoznawczej, np. aktów mowy Austina (1961) i Searla (1969), a zatem również implicytnych sposobów wyrażania ewaluacji. Tymczasem podejście od pragmatyki ku konstrukcjom przełożonym na reguły programistyczne umożliwiłoby nie tylko szersze spojrzenie na analizę sentymentu, ale też zbliżyłoby automat do sposobu, w jaki odbiera go człowiek. W szczególności chodzi tu sposoby wyrażania (nie)zadowolenia wykraczające poza poziom leksykalny (bez nacechowanej negatywnie leksyki), typu Nigdy więcej tam nie pójdę.Artykuł prezentuje: 1. aktualne podejścia do analizy wydźwięku w lingwistyce komputerowej, 2. propozycję zastosowania podejścia pragmatycznego, 3. wyniki badania próbki tekstów opinii internetowych pod kątem występowania w nich aktów mowy, 4. propozycję utworzenia reguł ekstrakcji danych na ich podstawie. Zaprezentowane podejście zakłada hipotezę wtórnej oralności, czyli tego, że język opinii jest zapisanym językiem mówionym.
The paper focuses on the adjustment of NLP tools for Polish; e.g., morphological analyzers and parsers, to user-generated content (UGC). The authors discuss two rule-based techniques applied to improve their efficiency: preprocessing (text normalization) and parser adaptation (modified segmentation and parsing rules). A new solution to handle OOVs based on inflectional translation is also offered.
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