K e y w o r d s: smart city, slow city, smart slow city, city development. A b s t r a c tThe objective of the study is characteristics of two development concepts of modern cities, i.e. smart city and slow city, and showing the possibilities of combining them in the proposed slow city model, drawing upon the assumptions of a smart city, which was determined as the smart slow city. Conclusions mainly rely on the performed reference literature studies (using the critical literature review method), which allowed for a synthetic presentation of the characteristics of the two discussed models of development, which are the basis for an independent description of the city model that unites these two approaches. The comparison of city development models was made on the basis of the following characteristics: the genesis of the city development idea, the rate of changes and the model of life related to it, key city development factors, the main objective of changes, key actors, activity areas, specialisation, scale of urban centres, city image, level of development policy, significance of cooperation, determinants or limitations in the implementation of the city development concept.Such an attempt of combining, by modern cities, of the potential offered by two development concepts (smart city and slow city), may contribute to the creation of an image of a modern city, the so-called smart slow city which, as a member of the Città slow network, considers the quality of residents' life as a priority, and uses modern technological solutions. SMART CITY, SLOW CITY I SMART SLOW CITY JAKO MODELE ROZWOJU WSPÓŁCZESNYCH MIAST Eliza Farelnik, Agnieszka StanowickaKatedra Makroekonomii Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie S ł o w a k l u c z o w e: smart city, slow city, smart slow city, rozwój miast. A b s t r a k tCelem badań była charakterystyka dwóch koncepcji rozwoju współczesnych miast, tj. smart city i slow city, oraz ukazanie możliwości ich łączenia w zaproponowanym modelu miasta slow city czerpiącym z założeń smart city, który określono jako smart slow city. Wnioskowanie oparto głównie na przeprowadzonych studiach literaturowych (z wykorzystaniem metody analizy i krytyki piśmiennictwa), które pozwoliły syntetycznie zaprezentować cechy dwóch przedmiotowych modeli rozwoju, będących podstawą do wykonania autorskiej charakterystyki modelu miasta, łączącego te dwa podejścia. Modele rozwoju miast porównano na podstawie następujących cech: genezy idei rozwoju miasta, tempa zmian i związanego z nim modelu życia, głównego czynnika rozwoju miasta, głównego celu zmian, głównych aktorów, obszarów aktywności, specjalizacji, skali ośrodków miejskich, wizerunku miasta, poziomu polityki rozwoju, znaczenia współpracy, uwarunkowań lub ograniczeń realizacji koncepcji rozwoju miasta.Taka próba łączenia przez współczesne miasta możliwości, jakie dają obie koncepcje rozwoju (smart city i slow city), może się przyczynić do kreowania przez nie wizerunku nowoczesnego miasta, tzw. smart slow city, które jako członek s...
Research background: Identification of the effects achieved by cities owing to their membership in the Cittaslow network plays a role not only in the development of every city, but also in the growth of national and international Cittaslow networks. Being a member of the Cittaslow network, and thereby adopting the slow city development model, affects the process of urban management by directing it towards such activities that agree with the assumed development concept. The achieved effects, manifested in the social, economic, and spatial spheres, contribute to the improved quality of life in a slow city, which in turn influences its development. Purpose of the article: Identification of the effects of membership of Polish cities in the Polish National Cittaslow Network. Methods: The study included a diagnostic survey method. The diagnostic survey based on a standardized survey questionnaire was used to identify the effects achieved by the Polish cities in the Cittaslow network. The survey was addressed to mayors of all member cities in the Polish National Cittaslow Network. The survey was conducted in May 2020. Findings & value added: The most important effects to date of cities being members of the Polish National Cittaslow Network, and their scale, have been investigated. An attempt was made to determine in which areas of urban life the effects become observable in a relatively short time (a few years), and which effects are attainable after a longer period of time. Major barriers to obtaining the desired effects were also identified. The research fills in a gap in this scope, as it provides a complex analysis of the effects of the membership of cities in the national Cittaslow network as seen by the city authorities. The results can serve to make comparative analyses of the effects achieved on different levels of development in the national Cittaslow networks, particular-ly in view of the fact that the Polish National Cittaslow Network is the second largest network in the world with respect to the number of member cities.
Międzynarodowa współpraca miast dotyczy bardzo wielu płaszczyzn, m.in. gospodarczej, społecznej i kulturalnej. Współpraca ta jest uwarunkowana licznymi czynnikami, wśród których się wymienia: podobieństwa miast, wcześniejsze doświadczenia we wzajemnych relacjach, chęć wymiany dobrych praktyk w zarządzaniu, poprawę jakości życia mieszkańców oraz uwarunkowania ekonomiczne. Przykładem międzynarodowej współpracy miast jest sieć miast Cittaslow. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie idei międzynarodowej współpracy miast na przykładzie sieci miast Cittaslow oraz zidentyfikowanie determinant i korzyści współpracy między miastami. Do sieci Cittaslow należy ponad 230 miast z całego świata. Źródłem współpracy tych miast jest ich podobieństwo, które w tym przypadku dotyczy ich wielkości i przyjętego modelu rozwoju. W ramach sieci Cittaslow współpracują miasta małe, które chcą się rozwijać na podstawie filozofii slow, a we współpracy z innymi podobnymi miastami upatrują wielu korzyści, zarówno w sferze przyrodniczej, społecznej, gospodarczej, jak i przestrzennej.
The purpose of this article has been to present the history of the Polish National Cittaslow Network, to discuss its development and to draw the attention to the diversity of network member cities. The authors emphasise the fact that the Polish National Cittaslow Network is developing very dynamically, and is the second largest network of Cittaslow in the world. Today, it is composed of 28 cities, of which 20 lie in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship. Other two centers are currently in the process of joining the network. The member cities are diverse in terms of their size as well as environmental or cultural assets. They are also diverse in terms of the level of socio-economic development. There are such cities in the network whose level of entrepreneurship, measured by the number of private sector businesses per 1,000 residents, is much higher than the average for the whole network (Rzgów, Murowana Goślina), but there are also cities with a very low level of entrepreneurship (Rejowiec Fabryczny, Jeziorany). Despite the differences, the cities associated in the network share the same concept and pursue shared aims in order to improve the quality of life for their inhabitants. They are proponents of implementing pro-social and pro-environmental measures, while striving to preserve the unique character of each of these cities.
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