Objectives: We sought to analyze the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as an alternative marker of neonatal sepsis. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we undertook consecutive sampling in all inborn neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with clinical manifestations of neonatal sepsis. Neonates with congenital anomalies and referred neonates were excluded. Complete blood count, C-reactive protein (CRP), and blood culture were carried out as the septic workup examinations based on the local Clinical Practical Guidelines. NLR is obtained by dividing the absolute count of neutrophils from lymphocytes manually. A cut-off value of NLR is obtained using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: The median NLR value of the 104 neonates who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria was 3.63 (2.39–6.12). Neonates with NLR of 2.12 have the area under the curve of 0.630 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.528–0.741) and 0.725 (95% CI: 0.636–0.814) when combined with CRP = 2.70 mg/dL. Neonates with NLR ≥ 2.12 in clinical neotnatal sepsis had almost double the risk of providing positive blood culture results (relative risk = 1.867, 95% CI: 1.077–3.235; p =0.011). Conclusions: NLR, calculated from complete blood count, can be used as an alternative marker of easy and relatively inexpensive neonatal sepsis, especially in developing countries, and detection of proven neonatal sepsis to be better when combined with CRP.

Background and Objectives: Neonatal sepsis is the third leading cause of neonatal death in the world. The patterns of pathogens causing neonatal sepsis varies in many countries. This study was aimed to identify hematological and microbiological profile of culture-proven neonatal sepsis in Indonesian tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Materials and Methods: Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted in all inborn neonates that were suspected sepsis neonatal over a period of six months from April to September 2019. Complete blood count, c-reactive protein (CRP) and blood culture were examined before antibiotic administration. Statistical analysis were calculated based on Chi-Square’s Test and Mann-Whitney U test and p <0.05 considered significant. Results: One hundred four inborn neonates admitted to NICU and diagnosed with suspected neonatal sepsis were recruited. Culture-proven neonatal sepsis were confirmed in 52 (50%) neonates, 13 (25%) in early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) and 39 (75%) in late-onset neonatal sepsis (LONS). The most common abnormal hematological profile were anemia and thrombocytopenia, with amount of 61.5% and 75%, respectively. High CRP only detected in 36.4% and only 18.5% experienced leukopenia. Gram negative bacteria responsible in 75% from total isolated pathogens. Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 48.1% followed by coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS) for 17.3% and Enterobacter cloacae for 11.5%. Conclusion: Anemia and thrombocytopenia were the top two hematological profile of culture-proven neonatal sepsis. Most causes of culture-proven neonatal sepsis were Gram negative bacteria and the dominant pathogen was K. pneumoniae.

Background: Snakehead fish has been associated with wound healing due to its high albumin content. Albumin can accelerate the inflammatory process so that tissue repair will be faster. Lack of albumin protein causes a person tend to experience prolonged wound healing. Purpose: This study aims to prove the effect of snakehead fish extract on the number of macrophages and blood vessels on the inflammatory reaction of skin wound tissue in rats. Methods: Laboratory experimental design with a total sample size of 27 male rats have undergone incisions, divided into 3 random groups: control group was given aquadest, treatment group 1was given aquadest and 50% extract of snakehead fish, and treatment group 2 was given 100% extract of snakehead fish. The rat’s skin wound tissues were taken on day 5 and observed under the microscope. The average number of macrophages and blood vessels on granulation tissue that formed at the base of the wound were counted and then performed data analysis. Result: In this study, we found a down wards trend in the average number of macrophages and blood vessels in treatment group 1 and treatment group 2. The control group and the treatment group 2 showed a significant difference, however, between the other groups did not show significant difference. Conclusion: There is a significant effect of giving 100% snakehead fish extract on decreased macrophages and blood vessels in the inflammatory reaction of skin wound tissue.

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Metabolic syndrome is lipid and non-lipid metabolism disorder due to the association of several factors such as physiological, clinical, biochemical, and interrelated factors. People with metabolic syndrome can be diagnosed by fulfilling 3 of 5 criteria, including obesity and increased waist circumference, increased TG levels, increased blood pressure, hyperglycemia, and increased High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) serum. The high-fat diet disrupts tissue lipid metabolism, so insulin resistance occurs due to lipotoxicity. Besides, some studies use a combination of mixtures (fructose, sucrose) and fat-rich food components to build metabolic characteristics in mice that affect human characteristics. The purpose of this study was to make an animal model with a metabolic syndrome marker induced by the High Fat Diet (HFD) consisting of pork oil and chicken egg yolk, as well as fructose from simple and economical ingredients. This study was an experimental study using experimental animals of male Rattus norvegicus strain wistar, which were grouped into three random treatment groups, namely the control group, HFD group, and High Fat Diet Fructose (HFDF) group. The number of samples used was 27 rats, with nine rats in each group. The animal was induced for four weeks, then measured levels of FPG, HD, and TG. From the research that has been done, it is found that there are significant differences in levels of Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), and Triglycerides (TG) (p <0.05). It can be concluded egg yolks, lard, and fructose in high-fat diets combined with fructose can increase levels of FPG, TG and reduce levels of HDL, which are markers of the metabolic syndrome used in this study.