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All due to the complex nature of the electroencephalography (EEG) signal, it is a challenge to be able to use it as the driver of an electric artificial hand. By using EEG signal, the command for artificial hand movements becomes more intuitive and natural. This study aims to classify EEG signals to serve as electronic hand control. Classification is conducted using artificial neural networks (ANN), in which EEG signal datasets are obtained from a commercial brain computer interface (BCI). The ANN model obtained is expected to be able to determine that the EEG signal is one of the five EEG signals generated from five predetermined hand movements. This study proposes feature extraction and processing that is very simple but performs well, indicated by its small error value. The results show that ANN can classify five hand movements tested with an overall accuracy rate of 80%.

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Objective: This research aims to observe the extent to which several surface treatment techniques increase the surface roughness of titanium alloy implants which was manufactured via electrical discharge machining (EDM). The effects of these techniques were also observed to decrease the Cu content on the implant surface. Materials and Methods: In this research, ultrasonic cleaning, rotary tumbler polishing, and brushing were employed as techniques to increase the roughness of a titanium implant which was manufactured via EDM, to the moderately rough category, and to reduce the contaminant element deposited on its surface. An MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay test was also used to observe the effect of these engineered specimens with respect to mesenchymal stem cells’ proliferation. Results and Discussion: The results show that ultrasonic cleaning and rotary tumbler polishing created a significant increase (90% and 67%, respectively) in the surface roughness. On the other hand, brushing was shown to be the best benchmark for reducing the contamination of Copper (Cu). Furthermore, rotary tumbler polishing and brushing can increase the percentage of living cells compared to the original surface EDM specimens. Conclusion: All micro-finishing methods that were employed are able to increase the surface roughness of Ti alloy based-implant to moderately rough category.

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