Kesambi plant (Schleichera oleosa) is a medicinal plant belongs to family Sapindaceae, commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In Indonesia, kesambi plants can be found in Java and Bali island. The purpose of this study is to extraction and antibacterial activity test of steam bark extract of kesambi against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Extraction was done by maceration method using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Antibacerial test using Kirby bauer method by measure inhibition zone. Phytochemical screening shown that n-hexane extract contain triterpenes and steroid compounds. Ethyl acetate extract contain triterpenes, flavonoid, steroid, and fenolic compounds.Methanol extract contain flavonoid, fenolic and triterpenes compounds. Inhibition zone of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts against E. coli and S. aureus at concentration of 5000 µg/mL showed 4.4; 7.9; 4.6 mm and 4.7; 8.9; 4.5 respectively, while amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin as positive control at concentration of 100 µg/mL showed 6.9 and 7.1 mm respectively. Kesambi extract have potential as antibacterial against E. coli and S. aureus.

The genus Phyllanthus (Phyllantaceae) is widely used in the african system of traditional medicine and is reported to have various biological activities. In this study, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of nhexane and ethyl acetate fractions of Phyllanthus fraternus leaves were investigated. The antimicrobial screening was carried out against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruguinosa, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae, using Agar-well diffusion method. The antioxidant activity was carried out using DPPH free radical scavenging capacity. The results show that fractions of Phyllanthus fraternus leaves have DPPH radical scavenging activities with IC50 value of 263.53 mg/mL and 143.56 mg/mL for n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions respectively. For n-hexane fraction, the MICs of the extract were; 80 mg/mL against K. pneumoniae and S. aureus,120 mg/mL against P. aeruginosa and S. typhi, and 160 mg/mL against E. Coli. However, ethyl acetate fraction had MICs of 80 mg/mL against all test organisms except S. aureus (40 mg/mL). The nhexane and ethyl acetate fractions of Phyllanthus fraternus leaves exhibited considerable antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, with ethyl acetate fraction been the most potent. This plant extract can be regarded as promising resource for antimicrobial and antioxidant drugs.

Plasmodium species are the infectious agents that are responsible for malaria, a disease that claims the lives of approximately 400,000 people annually. The fact that drug resistance against malaria is on the rise suggests that new antimalarial compounds need to be discovered. It is well known that medicinal plants present the best opportunity for the identification of novel antimalaria chemicals. Both the Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) and Peperomia pellucida (L. Kunth) species have been tested for their antiplasmodial ability against the Plasmodium falciparum strain. The P. pellucida (L. Kunth) species has also been subjected to in vitro and in vivo biological research. P. pellucida was used to isolate the steroid known as 3-hydroxy-24-ethyl-5,22-cholestadiene (1) and the triterpenoid known as 3-hydroxy-9-lanosta-7,24E-dien-26-oic acid (2). Both compounds were then tested for their activity in vitro. In the mice model, triterpenoid 2 had a substantial chemo-suppressive impact.

The minimum requirement of bioethanol utilization (E100) as a mixture of fuel oil is required as much as 20%, of the total needs in January 2025 as stated in the Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources number 12 in 2015. Indonesia is a country that has many potential raw materials for the development of bioethanol as renewable energy, such as sea pandanus plants (Pandanus tectorius) and food industry wastes such as the wheat industry. Sea pandanus plants are commonly found throughout the Indonesian archipelago and are available endemically. While wheat industrial waste is available in industrial areas such as in Banten Province, which has so far not been utilized as a source of biofuels. The purpose of this research is to get bioethanol product from new sources based on natural materials and industrial waste. The stages of research began with raw materials preparation, proximate analysis, gelatinization, liquefaction, pre-saccharification, fermentation, distillation process, and quantitative analysis using instruments. The results showed that the sea pandanus leaf had the potential for bioethanol synthesis with the highest amount of recovery and efficiency were 309 mL and 0.62 mL/g respectively, whereas based on the results of gas chromatography (GC) analysis, the bioethanol product which had the highest purity was from wheat bran waste with a purity level of 97.64%.

Caesalpinia bonducella, known as ‘tombili’ belongs to the family of Fabaceae. Tombili has been empirically used as traditional medicine. In a previous study, phytochemical screening showed that tombili seed contained alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, and tannin compounds. This research aimed to isolate an antioxidant compound from tombili seed extract. Fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol as a solvent. All fractions were tested for their antioxidant potential. The ethyl acetate fraction gave a better antioxidant potential (IC50 86.153±4.22 ppm) than it has purified. Characterization of an isolated compound using various spectroscopies data, including UV, FTIR, 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, and LCMS/MS. The structure of the isolated compound was suggested as 7- (β-DGlucopyranosyloxy) 5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (homoplantaginin). The IC50 value