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This research was conducted to make transparent soap appropriate to the Indonesian national standard (SNI 3235-2016). Transparent soap is made using raw materials of virgin coconut oil (VCO) and palm oil with NaOH, stearic acid. Addition of dyes and fragrances to increase the aesthetic value of the soap appearance. The addition of alcohol, sugar, and glycerin is used to bring out a clear and translucent color. The method of making transparent soap is a saponification method with a temperature used of 600C - 700C. The tests carried out include oil testing and transparent soap testing. Oil testing, among others: free fatty acids and density. Meanwhile, transparent soap testing, among others: pH, free fatty acids or free alkalis, moisture content, organoleptic, and preference test. Based on the results of tests that have been carried out by soap, it is known that the best formula for making transparent soap with palm oil is in the 1C20 formula where 150 mL of palm oil are used, 20 grams of sugar are dissolved in 10 mL of aquadest. Meanwhile, the best formula for making transparent soap from virgin coconut oil (VCO) is the 1Y20 formula where 100 mL of virgin coconut oil (VCO) are used, and 20 grams of sugar are dissolved in 10 mL of aquadest. Soaps that meet the standards of SNI 3532-2016 and SNI 06 - 3532 1994 are 1Y10,1Y20,1Y30 and 1Z10 soap.

To protect operators of equipment using neutron radiation, an alternative material is needed as a neutron shielding which is lightweight and has a high neutron absorption. One alternative material that can be used is wood dust. In this study pure wood sawdust and 30% borax-wood composites were investigated as alternatives to shielding neutrons. Mixing wood sawdust and borax was done using HEM (High Energy Milling) for 1 hour, then pressed at 2000 Psi using a manual press with variations in thickness of 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm. SEM characterization results show, the grain size of wood in pure wood and 30% boraxwood composites is still quite large around 50 μm, the EDS results show no significant difference in wood content and 30% borax-wood composites. XRD characterization results showed no new phases were formed in the 30% borax-wood composite. The results of observations with optical microscopy showed that 30% borax-wood composite which were compressed did not form pores but were not evenly distributed. From the compressive test data, there was a decrease in the compressive ability of 30% borax-wood composites compared to pure wood dust from 226.6 N to 110.4 N. The neutron absorption test results using the Neutron Radiography technique with the film technique showed the addition of 30% borax to sawdust increased the neutron absorption rate by an average of 19.05% in wood to 20.24% in 30% borax-wood composites and increased the attenuation coefficient of 0.36 cm· in pure wood to 0.53 cm 1 in 30% borax-wood composite.

ABSTRAK Pengaruh konsentrasi gliserol juga diamati dalam pengujian untuk melihat produksi hidrogen. Prekursor yang digunakan adalah TiO2 degussa P-25. Fotokatalis diberi dopan Cu,  dengan metode impregnasi untuk Cu. Hasil analisa XRD menunjukkan, fotokatalis TiO2 termodifikasi berukuran nanometer dengan rentang 16 nm sampai dengan 23 nm, sedangkan analisa DRS menunjukkan TiO2 yang didopan dengan Cu dapat merespon aktif pada sinar tampak. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan fotokatalis TiO2 termodifikasi Cu mampu menghasilkan hidrogen lebih banyak dibanding TiO2 degussa P-25, sebesar 10 kali untuk dopan Cu(5%) dan N. Sampai rentang 50%v, kenaikan produksi hidrogen sebanding dengan kenaikan konsentrasi gliserol.  Kata kunci : Hidrogen, gliserol, fotokatalis, nanokomposit, TiO2, water splitting