Soil salinity is one of the major obstacles that is limiting the growth and yield of groundnut. This study aims to investigate the effect of growth-promoting fungi, Trichoderma, on groundnut plants that were cultivated in saline conditions. Five different Trichoderma isolates were grown in four different NaCl concentrations. Selected Trichoderma were then applied to the groundnut seeds and their growth and development were monitored during the study. Growth inhibition, volatile organic compounds, chlorophylls, carotenoids, total phenolics and flavonoids, and minerals were assessed between the Trichoderma treatments. Increasing the salt concentration from 0.25–0.75 M decreased the growth of the Trichoderma isolates. The amounts and profiles of the volatile organic compounds from the T. asperellum isolate were significantly different to those in the T. virens isolate. In the vegetative growth stage, increased chlorophyll content was recorded in both the T. asperellum and T. virens-treated groundnut. The leaves that were obtained from the groundnut that was treated with T. virens T.v4 contained significantly higher indole-3-acetic acid (420 µg IAA/g) than the same plants’ roots (113.3 µg IAA/g). Compared to the control groundnut, the T. asperellum T.a8-treated groundnut showed increased phenolics (31%) and flavonoids (43%) and increased shoots and biomass weight at the generative growth stage. This study demonstrates that Trichoderma, with their plant growth promotion ability, could potentially be used to improve the growth of groundnut growing under salinity stress. Importantly, salt-tolerant Trichoderma could be regarded as a beneficial and sustainable way to improve the survival of salt-sensitive crops.

Optimization of Production Inputs Used on Cassava Farming on Dry Land in Central Java. The cassava farming in Central Java is not the main farming developed in dry land. Utilization of dry land for cassava production requires adequate production inputs. This research aimed to identify: 1) performance the use of production inputs, 2) factors affecting the production of cassava and 3) optimization of the use of production inputs. The research was done in three areas of cassava development namely Wonogiri, Pati and Purworejo district on April-December 2016. Multiple linear regression was used to analysis the factors influencing production and was continued by optimization test. The result showed that planting area and Phonska fertilizer had positive effect, while SP-36 fertilizer had negative effect on cassava production. Therefore, to obtain the maximum production, the farmers have to reduce SP-36 fertilizer because it was not optimal, and to add of Phonska fertilizer because it was less than optimal. Keywords: optimization, production inputs, cassava, dry land ABSTRAKUsahatani ubi kayu di Jawa Tengah merupakan usahatani sampingan yang dikembangkan di lahan kering. Pemanfaatan lahan kering untuk usahatani ubi kayu memerlukan input produksi yang memadai. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) keragaan penggunaan input produksi, 2) faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi ubi kayu, dan 3) optimasi penggunaan input produksi pada usahatani ubi kayu. Penelitian dilaksanakan di tiga kabupaten yang merupakan wilayah pengembangan ubi kayu, yaitu di Kabupaten Wonogiri, Pati, dan Purworejo pada Bulan AprilDesember 2016. Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi menggunakan regresi linear berganda, dilanjutkan dengan uji optimasi penggunaan input produksi. Hasil analisis fungsi produksi menunjukkan bahwa luas tanam dan pupuk Phonska berpengaruh positif, sedangkan pupuk SP-36 berpengaruh negatif terhadap produksi ubi kayu. Oleh karena itu, untuk mendapatkan produksi yang maksimal petani perlu mengurangi jumlah pupuk SP-36 karena sudah berlebih dan menambah pupuk Phonska karena jumlahnya belum optimal. Kata kunci: optimasi, input produksi, ubi kayu, lahan kering PENDAHULUANUbi kayu merupakan tanaman tropis yang memiliki daya adaptasi tinggi baik terhadap iklim maupun lahan yang kurang subur, serta serangan hama dan penyakit (Antasari dan Umiyasih, 2009). Dengan sifat demikian, maka tanaman ubi kayu umumnya dikembangkan di daerah lahan kering sebagai tanaman alternatif apabila tanaman padi, jagung dan palawija lainnya tidak dapat berproduksi dengan baik (Qurrahman et al., 2014). Kemampuan ubi kayu tumbuh pada lahan kering karena adanya sistem

ABSTRAKBudidaya padi merupakan salah satu sumber potensial penyumbang GRK) seperti gas methan (CH4),yang menyumbang sekitar 11% berupa emisi gas CH4di dalam atmosfer. Budidaya padi menghasilkan emisi gas methan yang tinggi diperkirakan sebesar 2.57  T.g per tahun. Emisi gas methan diperkirakan sekitar 58 % berasal dari budidaya padi sawah terutama di pulau Jawa.Implementasi pengelolaan tanaman terpadu (PTT) padi sawah ramah lingkungan diharapkan mampu menekan emisi gas methan. Pengkajian telah dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan paket teknologi PTT padi Ramah Lingkungan yang  meningkatkan hasil padi dan menurunkan emisi gas methan pada lahan sawah irigasi. Pengkajian dilahan petani (“Onfarm research”) telah dilaksanakan pada daerah penghasil var. Rojolele yaitu di Desa Gempol, Kab. Klaten dari bulan Maret sampai bulan September 2016 seluas 1,8 ha yang melibatkan sembilan petani binaan, setiap petani seluas 0,20 hektar. Rancangan Acak Kelompok digunakan dengan delapan ulangan. Duajenis PTT Padi Ramah Lingkungan dan Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu Padi eksisting.Pertama, PTT Padi  Ramah Lingkungan (PTTRL))  yang terdiri atas komponen (a) Benih var.  Rojolele dengan “seed treatment” Reagent 5 EC, (b) Umur bibit 20 hari (c) sistem tanam jajar legowo tipe 2 : 1, Jml bibit 2 tanaman/rumpun (d) Pemupukan berimbang dengan dua aras yaitu  takaran N  (sumber ZA), pemberian berdasarkan Bagan Warna Daun (BWD), +  unsur P dan K berdasarkan perangkat PUTS  +  500 kg Petroganik//ha(PTTPetro), N berdasarkan BWD (sumber ZA), pupuk P dan K berdasarkan PUTS + 2 ton Pukan/ha (PTTPukan). Kedua, PTT eksisting yang dominan (PTTExist) terdiri atas (a) Varietas Rojolele,  umur bibit 25 hari, (b), Cara tanam sistem tegel 25 cm x 25 cm (c), Takaran pupuk  yang dominan di tingkat petani, (d), Pengendalian OPT berdasarkan kalender). Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, komponen hasil dan hasil padi. Pengamatan emisi (gas CH4dan gas N2O) dengan menggunakan “sungkup”  pada umur 42, 63, 105 dan 112 Hari setelah tanam (Hst). Pengukuran emisi rumah kaca dilaksanakan di Kantor Balingtan Pati.Hasil penelitan menunjukkan bahwa  (1) Penerapan (PTTPetro) memberikan hasil yang tertinggi (5,219 t GKP/ha) meningkatkan hasil sebesar 30 % diatas kontrol ((3.620 t GKP/ha), dan menurunkan emisi gas CH4 sebesar 13,6%\ dibawah kontrol (emisi:76,05kgCH4/ha/musim). Kata kunci: 1, PTT,2, Padi, 3. emisi gas metana (CH4), 4. sawah irigasiABSTRACTRice cultivation to produce of highest methan gases i.e 2.57  Tg per years.  Methan gas emission be predicted by 58 % from rice sawah culture from Java. The implementation of rice integrated plant management (IPM) to increase of productivuty and able to supress of greenhouse emission (GHGs).  The Goals of this experiment was to find out of technology packages of potensial local rice IPM specific central java and  feasibility rice farming. On farm research was conducted in central development of Rojolele variety i.e Gempol, Karanganom subdistrict, Klaten district since March-September 2016 about 1.60 hectares. Randomized Block Designs used with  eight replicated (eight farmers, each farmers about 0,20 ha). Two kinds of Rice IPM,  First, Rice IPM enviromental friendly (IPMR-EF) with eight farmers as replicated. Technology componen of (IPMR-EF) consisted of (a) the use of Rojolele var with “seed treatment” Reagent 5 SC, (b) Seedling age  20 days, (c) jajar legowo transplanting system, 2 : 1 types, Seedling numbers 1 – 2 plant/hills (d) Balance fertilizers consisted of two levels i,e (d1)  N dosis(ZA sources) based on Leaf Colour Charge (BWD), + Phosphor and Photassium based on  PUTS Kit,  +  500 kg Petroganic/ha, (IPMPetro) Dosage of (N/ZA sources), + Phosphor and Potassium based on PUTS Kit, and  2 ton farmyard manure/ha (e) Pest regulation (Regulation of rice sowing by hayati agent such ash (Metarhizium anisopliae 5 cc/l, Beauveria basisiana). The usage of pesticides will be applied if insect population over threshould. Second (IPMR-FYM,) the same treatment first but source of organic fertilizer as  Farmyard Manure 2 ton/ha (IPMFYM). Third treatment (IPMR-exs) were rice farmer management dominant, consisted of (a) Rojolele variety, seedling age 25 days (b), “Tegel transplanting system” (c), farmers dominant fertilizer dosages (d), pestidicide calender system.Parameters were collected such as plant growth, yield component and yield. Observers of greenhouse emission such as CH4 and N2O used “Box Chamber” at 42;   63;  105;  and 112 days after transplanting.  Emisson methan and N2O were conducted in in Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute (IAERI)  in Pati. Input-output” data farming system among (IPMR-EFTg and IPMR-Effym) compared to control (IPMR-exs). Technical data were analized by variant analysis continued by DMRT05. Visibility of introduction IPM technology (IPMR-RL) was analized with use B/Cratio.   Research resulted that (1) IPMR-FYM  (Use Rojolele cv, seedling age  20 days, plant system type 2 : 1 “jajar legowo”  with fertilizers dosaage based on PUTS Kit  (N soures ZA + Phonska) + 2 t FYM/ha, application of nabati pesticide and intermittent irrigation able to give highest yield (5,219 t Gkg/ha) to increase 30 % over control (3.620 t Gkg/ha), but to decrease methan gas emission 13,6 % under control/IPMExist (gas CH4 emission : 76,05 kg CH4/ha/seasons).umur 42, 63, 105 dan 112 Hari setelah tanam (Hst)Keywords: IPM, , Rice, Glasshouse Emission, irrigated land

<p>Rice (<em>Oryza sativa </em>L.) is the most important and strategic food crop in Indonesia, but low productivity in tidal paddy fields is a serious problem that must be overcome. The application of ameliorant would be worthy to increase the growth and yield of rice in tidal paddy fields. The study aimed to investigate the effect of ameliorant application on growth and yield of rice varieties in tidal paddy fields. The study was arranged in a split plot design with five replications. Rice varieties tested were Inpari 34, Dendang, Inpara 9, Inpari 35, and Ciherang as the main plot, and ameliorant types studied were humic acid, gypsum, zeolite, and organic fertilizer as the subplot. The results showed that the use of different rice varieties and amelioran types significantly increased the growth and yield of rice. Inpara 9 produced 7.6 t.ha-1 dry milled grain (DMG) or increased by 33.3% compared to Ciherang variety. Humic acid application at 25 kg ha-1 increased grain yield by 21.3% higher than that without ameliorant treatment. The best treatment to increase the growth and yield of rice in tidal paddy field was a combination of humic acid 25 kg.ha-1 and Inpari 34 which produced the DMG of 8.6 t ha-1 or 41% higher compared to Ciherang without ameliorant.</p>

Application of Rhizobium as inoculum in acid soil requires specific characters, namely high tolerance to pesticide residues, soil acidity, and high concentration of Aluminum. This study was conducted to isolate Rhizobium having these characters. Inspite of acid soils from Kalimantan, Sumatra, Sulawesi and Java; root nodules of legumes planted in those regions were used as source of isolates. Rhizobial isolation was done using direct isolation andenrichment technique. A paper disc diffusion technique was used in selecting tolerance to pesticides. The selected isolates were examined the tolerance to pH, Al, and ability to form root nodule with soybean. From soil analysis, it could be seen the correlation between pH value and Al concentration. It means that the lower pH value the higher Al concentration. The number of Rhizobium isolates and its tolerance to paraquat was depended on soil type. From 173 strains of isolated Rhizobium, 24 strains were tolerance to pesticides and Aluminum. They were able to grow in wide range of pH, namely 3 – 8, or some of them in 5 - 8. Around 92% of the selected bacteria could form root nodules with soybean plant in different number and size. Hopefully, these isolates can be applied in the pesticide polluted agricultural lands, especially in acid soils with high concentration of Al, and it can also increase soybean production.Keywords: Acid soils, aluminium, Rhizobium, pesticides