This article makes a critical reflection, questioning the notion of historical urban landscapes as a conceptual paradigm used for the basis of urban conservation in the twenty-first century. The study begins with a brief summary of the origins and subsequent evolution of this concept, highlighting the two key reference milestones: the Vienna Memorandum (UNESCO, 2005) and the Paris Recommendation (UNESCO, 2011). Subsequently, the focus of attention will be on highlighting the problems and difficulties posed by the management and protection of historic urban landscapes today. In this sense, the focus of attention will be placed on the assumption that change is an inherent part of the urban condition, since there is no consensus on what the limits of acceptable change in historic urban landscapes should be. It also emphasizes three factors that make this more difficult: (1) the reminiscences of the doctrines of the Weberian administration in the current models of government; (2) the subjective nature of the systems of indicators applied to the scope of historic cities; and (3) the opportunism of tactical urbanism, which, despite its shortcomings, is becoming an outstanding alternative for the methodological development of the historic urban landscapes.

La ponencia se articula en dos partes. En la primera de ellas se reflexiona sobre la crisis del modelo académico tradicional y el fuerte impacto que ha supuesto la reorganización de las actividades arqueológicas en el contexto de las nuevas administraciones autonómicas del Estado español. Este es el contexto en el que la Arqueología de la Arquitectura debe buscar su sitio y ofrecer alternativas sólidas. Para ello se propone la superación de la pretendida dicotomía entre conocimiento histórico e intereses restauradores y se defiende la necesidad de articular unas rutinas de control que garanticen el respeto a todas las dimensiones relevantes del patrimonio edificado y la implicación de la Arqueología de la Arquitectura en el conocimiento, gestión y difusión del mismo. En la segunda parte, recurriendo a ejemplos concretos, se expone la aplicación de estas ideas en la experiencia del País Vasco. Una experiencia basada en los puntos siguientes: a) Normativización de los instrumentos de investigación. b) Incorporación de la Arqueología de la Arquitectura a la docencia reglada en la Universidad. c) Creación de programas de investigación implicados en el conocimiento, gestión y difusión del patrimonio edificado.

For several decades, the notion of landscape has been instrumentalised by various fields of study and with the most diverse views and interests. This is a notion that brings together all the features of liminal spaces, areas characterised by their mediating nature. The success and rapid extension of the concept of landscape, however, has not yet seen a similar development in the methodological field nor is it achieving sufficient consensus to be applied to the administrative scope. In this contribution we will adjust our reflection around the idea of historic urban landscapes, highlighting the need to address the "change management" approach demanded by 21st-century cities. To this end, we shall delve into some new urban management initiatives, in which the "prosumer citizenship" is beginning to be a key element in the construction of the identity of the spaces inhabited. In the same vein, the scope and content of the emerging discipline of tactical urbanism will also be discussed, paying special attention to the limitations of "design thinking" in historic city centres; areas affected by environments that are frequently problematic, where the complex regulations of individual or collective tutelage that cultural assets require come into play.

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This paper provides a summary of the development of architecture and built spaces in the largest urban centre in the Basque Country in the early middle ages. Of the many aspects that make up the signifiers and significances of the domestic universe, this paper only approaches the material aspect; that is, its spatial layout and building techniques. Four models that succeed each other are documented: separate domestic spaces, more compact domestic spaces, the unitary house and storeyed house. It also warns against the danger of abusive generalizations caused by flat, static images of the medieval domestic universe.