<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK </strong></p><p><strong><em>Latar Belakang: </em></strong><em>Kebutuhan terapi hemodialisis (HD) masih terus berkembang. Di Indonesia, HD mewakili 82% dari pelayanan cuci darah di Puskesmas Indonesia.</em><strong><em> </em></strong><em>Namun, HD menyebabkan peningkatan penanda inflamasi serta perubahan profil lipid. Kombinasi vitamin E dan asam lemak omega-3 dapat membantu mengurangi indikator inflamasi dan meningkatkan profil lipid.</em></p><p><strong><em>Tujuan: </em></strong><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh co-suplementasi vitamin E dan omega-3 terhadap profil lipid dan indikator inflamasi.</em></p><p><strong><em>Metode: </em></strong><em>Penelitian ini dilakukan di PubMed dan Google Scholar untuk mencari artikel-artikel secara sistematis, Kriteria inklusi yang digunakan adalah artikel bahasa Inggris dengan uji coba terkontrol acak (RCT) dan uji coba terkontrol (CT) yang menyelidiki efek vitamin E dan omega-3 pada profil lipid dan penanda inflamasi pasien hemodialisis. Semua artikel harus diterbitkan antara September 2013 - September 2022.</em> <em>AM dan AA melakukan seluruh proses penelitian sebagai reviewer dan seluruh ketidaksetujuan diselesaikan bersama NH sebagai penulis ketiga.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Hasil: </em></strong><em>1020 studi diidentifikasi dari database dan 12 artikel terpilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi. Asam lemak omega-3 meningkatkan profil lipid, seperti kolesterol, LDL, HDL, dan trigliserida. Namun, studi ini hanya menemukan satu penelitian tentang efek vitamin E pada profil lipid. Asam lemak Omega-3 dan suplementasi vitamin E tidak memiliki efek signifikan pada penanda inflamasi, tetapi dampak suplementasi vitamin E pada tingkat IL-6 telah dilaporkan.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Kesimpulan: </em></strong><em>Co-suplementasi</em><strong><em> </em></strong><em>Omega-3 dan vitamin E berpengaruh pada penurunan level indikator inflamasi dan profil lipid pasien hemodialisis. Kami merekomendasikan bahwa studi berikutnya harus berfokus pada penelitian uji klinis mengenai pengaruh suplementasi kombinasi ini terhadap indikator inflamasi dan profil lipid pasien hemodialisis.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong>KATA KUNCI</strong><strong><em>: </em></strong><em>hemodialisis; indikator inflamasi; omega-3; profil lipid; vitamin E</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong><em>Background: </em></strong><em>Hemodialysis therapy (HD) demands is still growing. In Indonesia, HD represents 82% of dialysis services in Indonesian health centers.</em><em> However, HD causes an increase in inflammatory markers as well as lipid profile changes. The combination of vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids can assist to decrease inflammatory indicators and enhance lipid profiles.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Objectives: </em></strong><em>This study aims to investigate the effect of co-supplementation of vitamin E and omega-3 on lipid profiles and indicators of inflammation.</em></p><p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>This study was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar to search articles systematically. The inclusion criteria used were English articles of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled trials (CT) that investigated the effects of vitamin E and omega-3 on lipid profiles and inflammatory markers of hemodialysis patients. All articles must be published between September 2013 - September 2022.</em> <em>AM and AA conducted the entire research process as reviewers and all disagreements were finalized with NH as a third author.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>1020 studies were identified from databases. Afterward, this study included 12 articles based on the inclusion criteria. Omega-3 fatty acids improve lipid profiles, such as cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride. While we only found a single study about the effect of vitamin E on lipid profile. Furthermore, </em><em>omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E supplementation have no significant effect on inflammatory markers, but the </em><em>impact of vitamin E supplementation on IL-6 levels </em><em>was</em><em> reported</em><em>.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Conclusions: </em></strong><em>Co-supplementation of omega-3 and vitamin E decrease levels of inflammatory indicators and lipid profiles in hemodialysis patients. We recommend that future studies should focus on clinical trials to investigate the effect of this co-supplementation on lipid profiles and inflammatory markers of hemodialysis patients.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong>KEYWORD</strong><strong><em>: </em></strong><em>hemodialysis; inflammatory markers; lipid profiles; omega-3, vitamin E</em><em></em></p>

PCOS is an endocrine condition caused mostly by infertility and menstrual abnormalities. The pathophysiology of PCOS is related to the lack of hormone, reproductive and metabolic regulation which were stimulated by a variety of factors, such as insulin resistance. PCOS treatment strategies are always oral contraceptive pill (OCP) combination oral contraceptive pill, which can cause metabolism and cardiovascular side effect and is difficult to comply with consistently. Several studies stated that the combination between Myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol (MI-DI) as therapeutics alternative to improve PCOS condition in reproductive-age women. This study investigates combination of MI-DI on PCOS in reproductive-age women. A literature review was used to conduct this investigation through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. 1382 publications were identified in the search results, and 6 studies were relevant and matched the requirements for this investigation. MI-DI co-supplementation is effective to ameliorate metabolic and clinical abnormalities of PCOS patients.

Morbidity and mortality due to Covid-19 tend to be milder in adolescents. Nevertheless, their perception, attitude, and behavior towards Covid-19 deserve attention since they would also contribute to the success of Covid-19 control. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the perceived severity, susceptibility, attitudes, and behavior toward Covid-19 among high school students. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in five schools in Surabaya and Sidoarjo. Questionnaires were given online to teachers who then forwarded them to high school students. Data were taken from July to October 2021. Attitude and behavior were examined using the scoring previously tested. The data were then analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Spearman’s correlation tests. The significance level was set at p<0.05. More than 50% of students had good preventive behavior, the most frequent one was wearing masks (87.3%), followed by washing hands (73%). The behavior was correlated with their attitude (r= 0.285, p=0.000). Fifty-three percent of the respondents felt they would experience mild symptoms if they were infected with Covid-19. Most students perceived that they were susceptible to getting infected with Covid-19. Significant results were obtained using the Mann-Whitney test on gender toward attitudes and behavior (p<0.05). There were significant correlations between the mother’s educational level (r=0.164, p=0.001) and the father’s educational levels (r=0.120, p=0.013) with attitude toward Covid-19 control policies. Female students in Surabaya and Sidoarjo have better behavior in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. Parents’ educational level plays a role in influencing the student’s attitude toward Covid-19 control.

HIGHLIGHTS 1. This study reviews the effect of adequate levels of serum vitamin D on menstrual cycle2. Vitamin D affects the length and regularity of menstrual cycle3. Women with vitamin D insufficiency typically report irregular and prolonged menstrual periods than women with adequate vitamin D levels.   ABSTRACT Objective: This study investigated the role of adequate vitamin D levels in the menstrual cycle of reproductive-age women. Materials and Methods: We systematically searched using certain key words in PubMed and ScienceDirect for English articles, full articles, published between August 2013 - August 2022 that evaluated the effect of vitamin D levels on the menstrual cycle of women in reproductive age. The results were analyzed qualitatively. Results: Eight studies from 653 recorded articles were eligible for review. Decreased vitamin D levels can cause menstrual cycle irregularities, which are related to a decrease in the hormone estradiol, affecting the menstrual cycle. In addition, lower levels of vitamin D lead to longer menstrual cycles. Conclusion: Vitamin D is vital in the menstrual cycle because it influences the frequency and duration of menstruation.