Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between ureR and ureC genes with the production of urease by Proteus mirabilis. Methods:A total of 450 mid-stream urine samples have been collected from patients with urinary tract infection whom admitted to the hospitals in Annajaf Al-Ashraf province for consultancy during the period from October 2015 to February 2016.Out of 150 bacterial isolates, only 29 isolates were belong to P. mirabilis according to conventional methods (depending on microscopic and culturing examination as well as biochemical test) and molecular technique using 16SrRNA gene. Results:The results of phenotypic and genotypic detection of urease in P. mirabilis showed that all isolates were able to produce urease and possess ureR and ureC that encodes to urease by appearing of amplicon with molecular weight 359 and 533 bp, respectively, when electrophoresed on 1% agarose gel. Conclusion:A correlation has been found between ureR and ureC genes with the production of urease by P. mirabilis.

"The study aimed to investigate to the spread areas of angular spotting disease on cucumber leaves caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Lachrymans In the greenhouses of three areas (Al-Qazwiynia , Abbasiya and Al-Haidariya) In the province of Najaf and the first time in Iraq to evaluate the efficiency of using chemical and biological induction agents to control angular spotting disease on cucumber leaves. The geographical distribution of the infected areas and the phenotypic diagnosis of symptoms were confirmed by field survey of the disease. It was later revealed that the diagnosed symptoms were similar to the symptoms of the disease, Where the rate of infection in plastic houses covered by the survey ranged between 19% to 35%. Results of the effect of biochemical and chemical agents on p. syringae pv. Lachrymans showed that treatment of P. putida was increased leaves content of chlorophyll, IAA and GA3 (93.28 mg.100g-1 , 1.61 µM and 24.02 µM, respectively) compared to control 2 treatment (44.65 mg.100g-1 , 0.84µM and 8.68 µM). Results showed that P. fluorescens was decresed ABA hormone which made plant health (324.19 µM) compared to Control 2 treatment (574.53 µM). The treatment of super fifty was superior in leaf content of carbohydrates, protein, CAT, POD, (28.25 mg.g-1 , 17.06%, 186.68 units.min.g-1 , 179.91 units.min.g-1) compared to control 2 treatment (13.19 mg.g-1, 8.56%, 58.16 units.min.g-1 , 105.90 units.min.g1). "

Periodontitis, a complex chronic inflammatory disease caused by subgingival infection, is among the most prevalent microbial diseases in humans which characterized by periodontal damage, alveolar bone resorption, pain, and eventual tooth loss. Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) has widely infected >90% adults in the world and is associated with many human diseases, so that this study aimed to investigate the association between EBV and periodontitis. Patients and samples: Subgingival paper point samples were collected from 100 patients with periodontitis and 30 healthy people. All samples undergo direct DNA extraction to amplified EBVs DNA using PCR technique. The results indicated a high percentage of EBV infections (18%) in patient suffering from periodontitis while there was no EBV infection were detected in healthy persons. A high percentage of EBV was detected in female (56%) in comparison with male (44%). The results improved the association between EBV and periodontitis suggesting that EBV may serve as a pathogenic factor leading to periodontitis among patients.

This study aims to investigate the correlation between some virulence factors and biofilm production among Porphyromonas gingivalis associated with periodontitis. One hundred and two sub gingival swabs have been collected from patients suffering from acute and chronic periodontitis admitted to Specialty Dental center in the Holy city of Najaf and specialized clinics in the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Kufa from both sexes during the period from September 2017 to January 2018. A total of 34 isolates (28.43%) were identified as P. gingivalis by amplification of 16S rRNA using PCR technique. luxS, lux pro and lux down genes were investigated and the results of PCR showed that none of the strains were possess luxS, 3 strains of P. gingivalis were possess lux pro and 2 strains of P. gingivalis were possess lux dwn. Only 10 strains of P. gingivalis were selected for detection of some virulence factors. The results showed that all strains were unable to produce biofilm with variant abilities of bacterial strains for autoaggregation have been observed (decrease in O.D of bacterial growth after 1 hr. of incubation), and one strain gave +ve results for hemagglutination.