Objectives:To determine the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), subtypes of ADHD, and psychiatric, academic, and behavioral comorbidity in public primary school students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study. A simple random sample of 6 primary government schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, was identified (3 male, 3 female), and a random sample of classes in each of grades 1-6 were selected. Between July and November 2016, teachers in these classes were asked to complete the Vanderbilt ADHD scale on all students in their classes.Results:A total of 929 students were screened. The overall prevalence of ADHD was 5% (5.3% in girls, 4.7% in boys). The most prevalent subtype of ADHD was combined type (2.7%), followed by hyperactive type (1.2%), and inattentive type (1.1%). The highest prevalence of ADHD overall was in grade 3 (7.1%) and the lowest prevalence in grade 6 (3.4%). Among students with ADHD, prevalence of comorbid psychiatric, academic, and behavioral problems was widespread (56.5% oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder, 54.4% impaired academic performance, 44.4% classroom behavioral problems, 41.3% depression/anxiety). Comorbid problems were especially prevalent in combined ADHD subtype and in boys.Conclusions:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is common in primary school children in Jeddah, and is associated with widespread psychiatric, academic, and behavioral problems, especially in boys. These findings have implications for the diagnosis and treatment of this serious neurobehavioral disorder.

Background: Polycystic ovary (PCO) is a highly variable condition with a wide array of presentations. The Polycystic ovary syndrome should meet at least two of the following three criteria: oligo-or anovulation; clinical and/or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism; polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. The prevalence of PCO is largely unknown in Saudi Arabia. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the reproductive hormones levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in addition to the effect of age and body mass index (BMI) on the hormonal findings ,ultrasound and to determine the clinical, biochemical, and etiologic features of hirsutism in Saudi females. Methodology: A cross sectional study has been conducted among total of 183 patients diagnosed with PCOS had been assessed clinically along with measuring the level of reproductive hormones in Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic at King Abdul-Aziz hospital and oncology center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between June 2015 and June 2016. Conclusion: Elevated levels of luteinizing hormone / Follicle stimulating hormone LH/FSH and testosterone and reduced FSH, hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and progesterone were predictors of PCOS. This was independent of BMI or age. Future studies with larger sample size and data on insulin levels are needed for greater understanding of the manifestations of PCOS in the Saudi population.

Infection with herpes simplex is a standout amongst the most well-sexually transmitted infections. As the infection is common in women of reproductive age it may be contracted and transmitted to the fetus amid pregnancy and the newborn. Herpes simplex virus is a significant cause of neonatal infection, which could lead to death or long-term disabilities. Infrequently in the uterus, as it happens frequently during the transmission delivery. The most serious danger of transmission to the fetus and the newborn happens in case of an early maternal infection contracted in the second half of pregnancy. The danger of transmission of maternalfetal-neonatal herpes simplex could be diminished by applying a treatment with antiviral medicines or depending on a caesarean section in some particular cases. The aim of this paper is to provide recommendations on the management of herpes simplex infections in pregnancy and approaches to decrease perinatal transmission of herpes simplex virus.

BackgroundThe use of asthma-triggering drugs (ATDs) is a major factor in poor asthma control (PAC), which can be either uncontrolled or partially controlled. ATDs include angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, β-blockers, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).