<p class="Standard"><span>This study aimed to synthesize p-methoxy cinnamic acid through the Perkin reaction and to determine its activity as a photoprotective and antifungal agent against Candida albicans. The PMCA compound was synthesized by reacting p-methoxy benzaldehyde with acetic anhydride using a sodium acetate catalyst in a sonicator at 50oC for 60 minutes. The synthesized was a white precipitate with a % yield of 2.09% and a melting point of 172-175^oC. ATR-FTIR identified this compound with several functional groups, C=O, OH carboxylic acid, para-substituted benzene, and C=C. Analysis by GC-MS showed a single peak at a retention time of 11.710 minutes with m/z 178. Characterization of this compound by 1H-NMR spectrometry showed several chemical shifts showing the presence of OH groups of carboxylic acids, C=C groups, aromatic benzene groups, and methoxy. The results of this characterization indicated that the synthesis product was PMCA. The antioxidant activity of PMCA using the DPPH radical gave IC50 at a concentration of 352.6138 ppm. In vitro sunscreen activity against PMCA compounds provided high protection at a concentration of 30 ppm with SPF 32,505. The antifungal activity against Candida albicans showed inhibition zones of 0.257cm± 0.044, 1.397cm± 0.093, and 1.533cm± 0.111, respectively at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The PMCA compounds can be synthesized through the Perkin reaction assisted by ultrasonic waves and can potentially be photoprotective and antifungal agents.</span></p>

<p>Synthesis of Core-Shell Fe₃O₄/C18/SiO₂/[3 (2-Aminoetil amino) propyl] Trimethoxy silane has been conducted to study its adsorption kinetics of Cu²⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ ions. Fe₃O₄ synthesis was carried out to form cores that have magnetic properties. The aim of the coating C18/SiO₂/[3(2-Aminoetilamino) propyl] trimethoxy silane was to protect these cores from physical degradation due to acids and bases, as well as the application of synthetic materials. The sono-coprecipitation method showed good results under N₂ gas flow with the results of black crystals. The success of SiO₂ and [3(2-Aminoethylamino) propyl coatings the transformation of the color showed Trimethoxy silane into brown and weight gain of the synthesis result. Analysis of XRD data showed that little Fe₂O₃ impurities were clarified by FTIR data showing the presence of amine groups from the starting material. The SEM-EDX and TEM showed a spherical shape with a core-shell system. The adsorption kinetics model was studied using two kinetics models for Cu²⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ ions. The results were demonstrated by the suitability of Cu adsorption to the pseudo order 1, with an adsorption rate of 0.0333 min^-1, whereas for Cr corresponded to pseudo order 2 with an adsorption rate of 0.00536 gmM^-1min^-1.</p>

A byproduct of the honey processing called Klanceng honey beehive waste is said to still contain secondary metabolites that are beneficial to health. The objective of this research was to assess the photoprotective properties of an ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction obtained from the waste of an Indonesian Klanceng honey beehive that originated in Magelang. The DPPH free radical technique was applied to quantify antioxidant properties, and the Mansur equation’s SPF value was used to calculate photoprotective activity. The analysis of the data revealed that the IC50 values for the ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction were, respectively, 470.2935±0.9249, 207.1869± 2.6510, and 216.4892±0.8349. The ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction of the samples had SPF values of 3.872, 3.529, and 9.358, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction, as opposed to the ethanol extract and the n-hexane fraction, has greater potential as a photoprotective agent as a result.