Scale is forming and controlling in industrial applications causes the clogs or decreasing in volume flows in the pipes, so increasing maintenance cost can occur as a consequence. Struvite discovered as Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Hexahydrate (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) and referred as a scale due to the heating process of fluid through pipes. The aim of this research was investigated the temperature effect on process of scales forming and controlling. The process was used a vertical bulkhead reactor. The process starts from mixing the equimolar solutions of MgCl2, NH4OH, H3PO4 with 1: 1: 1 of ratio concentration. Then, crystallization process was carried out with the condition at the variation of temperature (20-40°C), variation of pH value (pH 8-10) and variation of air inlet rate (0.25; 0.50; 0.75; 1.0; 1.25 L/min) while the feed rate was 25 ml/min. The process continues until the condition becomes steady state. The scale controlling process was determined by the presence of struvite deposits. The deposits were analyzed by using the XRF method to determine composition content. The optimal conditions were obtained at a temperature of 30°C, pH 9, and air rate of 1.25L/min.

This study aims at examining the transitivity processes occurred in the characters’ action in Joseph Jacobs’s Fairy Tales. Language style for children literature has its distinction from other fictions. Such lexical and the dictions selection become its focus primarily at the main figure’s action. The purpose of this study is not only to provide worthwhile information particularly at the language style of literature for children in case of Joseph Jacobs’s fairy tales but also to remedy the neglected focus on the earlier studies which analyzes the mentioned object as well. This study used the methodology of descriptive qualitative research. To analyze the research objective, this study used Halliday’s transitivity theory which examines the processes of a sentence. Based on the data analysis, the results found 56 data in total contained with several processes as follows; 30 material processes, 5 mental processes, 5 behavioural processes, 4 verbalization, 3 relational processes, and an existential processes.

Glass art with Etching Glass technique is generally made as a limited glass craft for small size souvenirs. With the creativity of craftsmen, glass etching can be developed as a work which functions as an interior aesthetic element with unique characteristic and combined with with ethnic nuances such as batik and classical art that develop in Surakarta. For this reason, aesthetic glass craft designs and improvements on production and marketing efforts are necessary. Using a qualitative methodology approach to several glass craftsmen in Surakarta, the design of etching glass craft was produced as a result of ancient or classic glass craft design development by mixing several glass craft techniques. These resulted glass craft products can be applied on the walls of the room and furniture as aesthetic elements of the interior that can be ordered for international marketing.

Laweyan is the marker of the Javanese bourgeoisie's resurrection who tried to compete kraton aristocratic culture; resistance movement against feudalism (kraton) and resistance to colonialism. About batik, the rule of using batik that determined by Paku Buwana III, the variety of batik's pattern based on society rank so that they have different pattern of batik based on their society rank in keraton. The order of batik that being mentioned is called "Maklumat Solo". The existence of Batik Laweyan's merchants with their products shake batik keraton off. Later on, the batik which is now called Sudagaran Batik, appears. Sudagran Batik was born from the expression of the artists outside the Keraton as a cultural match. This research aims to determine the social stratification of Laweyan's merchants and to review the characteristic of their cultural result which displayed on Sudagaran batik visual's. Qualitative descriptive research, collecting data with interviewing historian and community leaders of Laweyan. The observations takes place in Laweyan with observation of objects in the form of Sudagaran batik, as well as written documents and visual photograph. This analysis is using Weber's thoughts on social stratification based on; economy, status, and power that characterizes Laweyan's merchant.