Abstract. Sunaryo W, Mulyadi A, Nurhasanah. 2019. Genome group classification and diversity analysis of talas and rutai banana, two local cultivars from East Kalimantan, based on morphological characters. Biodiversitas 20: 2355-2367. Talas and rutai banana are two local cultivars grown in East Kalimantan and long-time used as dessert or cooking bananas for traditional food and cakes, but unfortunately, their taxonomic and genetic status are still little known. This study was conducted to explore their taxonomic and genetic status through morphological observation, genomic group classification and diversity analysis of talas and rutai banana compared to other recognized and identified bananas in Indonesia, i.e., liar/monyet, Ambon, tanduk and klutuk banana. In total 108 morphological characters were observed on site of growing area using the “Descriptors for Banana (Musa spp.)” morphological indicators. The genome group classification was carried out using Simmonds and Shepherd scoring system toward fifteen key banana characters. The diversity analysis was performed using Hierarchy Cluster Analysis at MINITAB 17.1 software based on the selected characters of the highest Principal Component Analysis (PCA) values. The morphological observation showed that the characters of talas and rutai banana are much closely related to those of belonging to M. acuminata although some characters showed balbisiana-type. In addition, liar/monyet and klutuk banana morphological characters were exactly matched with the M. acuminata and M. balbisiana accessions. Furthermore, most of Ambon banana morphological characters are similar to M. acuminata, but tanduk banana had a combination characters between M. acuminate and M. balbisiana. The genome group classification showed that talas and rutai banana are the AAB genotype, while liar/monyet, Ambon, tanduk, and klutuk were grouped into AA, AAA, AB, and BB genotype, respectively. The diversity analysis showed that talas and rutai banana have a very high similarity about 75% and closed related to AA/AAA genotype i.e., liar/monyet and Ambon with similarities level of 45%.

Escherichia coli is a water indicator microorganism. E. coli is found in almost water bodies such as lakes, rivers and seas that come from the feces of human and warm-blooded animals and waters contaminated with organic wastes. Microbiological quality is based on the presence of certain groups of microbes such as microbial pathogens (stomach disease), pollutants (especially E. coli), toxin producers etc. This research was conducted in October 2018. The purpose of this study was to calculate the density of E. coli bacteria in the coastal city of Dumai. This study used the survey method, with 5 stations with 3 sampling points at each station. Calculation of the number of Escherichia coli colonies used the MPN (Most Probable Number) method. The density of E. coli bacteria ranged from 2.37 × 104 to 1.1 × 105 CFU / 100 ml. The highest number of Escherichia coli bacterial colonies was at stations 2 and 3, the lowest was at station 5. The results of the E. coli bacteria resistance test for seven isolates of E. coli and the results of Escherichia coli bacteria resistance to antibiotics showed that there were seven isolates of Chloramphenicol, which included resistance with inhibitory zones ranging from 2.17 to 10.70 mm, 9 bacterial isolates including intermediates with inhibitory zones ranging from 11.90 - 19.33 mm, and one isolate including sensitive with a zone of inhibition of 22.77 mm. In the Penicillin and Isoniazid antibiotics all resistant bacterial isolates with inhibition zones ranged from 0.80 to 4.70 mm and 1.50 - 4.67 mm respectively. The coastal waters of the city of Dumai have passed the threshold for cultivation.

Abstract-Modified of urea fertilizer with lignin's palm empty bunch was applied to lettuce growth. This research aims to enhance the utility value of lignin from palm empty bunch, investigate slow release of urea-lignin fertilizer and vegetative aspect of leaves lettuce after period of week. Application of fertilizer was done in two difference places, namely green house laboratory and traditionally environment. Research showed that fertilized using urea fertilizer which modified by 2 % of lignin resulted amount (pc), length (cm) and wide (cm) of lettuce leave is better than fertilized only by urea in laboratory scale. Amount (pc), length (cm) and wide (cm) average of fresh lettuce leaves using urea modified by 2 % lignin resulted 8 pieces, 12 cm and 11 cm respectively on 6 weeks after plantation. Furthermore in traditionally environment, amount (pc), length (cm) and wide average (cm) of fresh lettuce leaves by using urea modified 3% lignin resulted 14 pieces, 25 cm and 21 cm consecutively on 6 weeks after plantation.