Indonesian people consume rice as their staple food, therefore rice farming is the main source of farming and livelihood for rural residents in Indonesia. Various policies that have been taken by the government to encourage increase in production and productivity of this commodity, but the results have not reached what was expected. This study aims to analyze the factors affecting income of rice farming in Indonesia. The data were analyzed using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Model (MLRAM). As the results, it found that the significant factors affecting farmers’ income of rice farming in District Maros, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia were productivity, selling prices, and production costs of the rice farming managed by an individual farmer. Then, the MLRAM is a good model in predicting the income of rice farming in the district. In general, these findings are a substantial indicator that imply the importance of improving farm management in order to increase productivity, stabilize selling prices and reduce production costs for rice commodity. By improving farm management, it is expected to encourage farmers to increase their income from rice farming specifically and encourage rural economic growth in Indonesia generally.

Agricultural extension workers play an essential role in the productivity of agricultural systems. Based on the actual conditions in the field, it can be seen that the level of extension services still needs to be higher due to a lack of human resources in the field of extension services. This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of agricultural extension services andthe factors that influence the effectiveness of agricultural extension to farmers in Baubau City, Indonesia. The analytical method includes exogenous latent variables: human resources, technological progress, farming capital, farmer age, education, and farming experience. The effectiveness of agricultural extension is used as an endogenous latent variable. The research sample consisted of 110 rice farmers in Baubau City, and the Slovin formula was used to calculate the sample. The data collection for this research was carried out by distributing questionnaires to respondents, in-depth interviews, and direct observation in the city of Baubau. Using the AMOS application, quantitative analysis was carried out through structural equation modeling (SEM). The study results show that: (1) The factors that influence the effectiveness of agricultural extension in Baubau City are farming capital, farmer age, education, farming experience, and human resources, and (2) the influence of these factors on the effectiveness of agricultural extension is as follows: if the farming capital is high, human resources can be increased. In addition, the higher the farmer’s age, the lower the need for human resources. It is also noted that higher farmer education contributes to increased human capital, and increased experience in farming is associated with increased human capital. Thus, an increase in human resources will increase the effectiveness of agricultural extension. Significant factors that influence the effectiveness of agricultural extension in Baubau City, Southeast Sulawesi, are farming capital, farmer age, education, farming experience, and human resources.

The study aimed to analyze the effect of the application of production inputs on rice farming production and to analyze the allocative efficiency. The study was conducted in Bantaeng Regency. The primary data employed were collected from 36 farmers who owned 82 rice fields in total. The FPCD Model and AE Analysis were applied for the data analysis. The model showed that there were five variables (land area, seeds, ZA fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, and labor) had positive and significant effects on the rice farming production. Meanwhile, the result of EA Analysis showed that the variable of land area, seeds, and ZA fertilizer had not been efficient yet and the labor was not efficient. In increasing the rice farming production, the farmers are encouraged to cultivate more rice fields, apply for more certified seeds, ZA and NPK fertilizers, as well as reduce the number of labors used for production’s efficiency.

Renewable energy in Indonesia is numerous, abundant, and diverse. Almost every region in Indonesia has renewable energy sources that can be utilized to become renewable power plants, which are industrial or large-scale, small-scale, or only for regional use. Itself. PLTS is a power plant with many opportunities that can be developed in Indonesia. Based on the results of the analysis that has been carried out, several conclusions can be drawn about designing a rooftop solar power plant using the HelioScope software. The results show estimated energy production obtained through simulations using HelioScope for one year is 882,398 kWh, with the highest production occurring in May at 8,554.6 kWh and the lowest production in November at 6,120.3 kWh. HelioScope application, besides being able to display the irradiation results and production results of the designed or simulated PLTS, HelioScope also shows that there are power losses that affect PLTS production, which is caused by the temperature of the solar cell module of 6.7%. At the same time, other power losses and the most negligible effect are caused by the conductor of 0.3%. The HelioScope application makes it easy to determine the initial design for installing solar panels for a house or building and where we want or are going.

This research aims to to analyze and to study the implication of the volatility of deflated retail price of rice in out of Java which are represented by three markets in Indonesia, namely Medan, Makassar, and Banjarmasin. The period of observation is from January 1984 to August 2011. The better model in this study is Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH). The result of the study shows that the change of rice price in all three markets was caused mainly by seasons and yearly routine cycles. In addition, at the reformation era and at economic crisis, the rice prices were more volatile. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis volatilitas dan mempelajari implikasi dari harga eceran beras yang terdeflasi di pasar luar Jawa yang diwakili oleh tiga harga pasar beras di Indonesia yaitu Medan, Makassar dan Banjarmasin. Periode pengamatan adalah dari Januari 1984 sampai dengan Agustus 2011. Model yang dipilih adalah Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH). Perubahan harga beras di tiga pasar itu disebabkan oleh perubahan iklim dan siklus rutin tahunan. Di samping itu, volatilitas harga beras yang lebih tinggi di tiga pasar disebabkan oleh terjadinya era reformasi dan krisis ekonomi.