Inkjet printing is an emerging technology with key advantages that make it suitable for the fabrication of stretchable circuits. Specifically, this process is cost-effective and less complex compared to conventional fabrication technologies. Inkjet printing has several process and geometry parameters that significantly affect the electromechanical properties of the printed circuits. This study aims to optimize the geometry parameters of inkjet-printed silver nanoparticle traces on plasma-treated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates. The optimization process was conducted for two printed shapes, namely straight line and horseshoe patterns. The examined input factors for the straight line traces were: the number of inkjet-printed layers and line width. On the other hand, the number of cycles and amplitude were the examined input parameters for the horseshoe shape. First, the optimal number of layers and line width were found from the straight line analysis and subsequently were used in the optimization of the horseshoe pattern parameters. The optimization of the input parameters was carried out using the response surface methodology (RSM), where the objective of the optimization was to maximize the breakdown strain of the traces while maximizing the gauge factor and minimizing the ink cost. The results indicate that a 1.78 mm line width and one layer are the optimal geometry parameters for the straight line traces, while for the horseshoe pattern, the optimal parameters are one layer, a line width of 1.78 mm, amplitude of 4 mm and one cycle. The optimal straight line was designed to sustain up to 10% strain while the horseshoe pattern was designed to sustain up to 15% strain.

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Informal education does not only occur in the family environment but also occurs in the community environment and the substation as the media place. The knowledge contained in the community is closely related to social knowledge referring to social relations, meaning that this aspect means that it has existed since humans were born, then the cultural aspect plays a very important role in the educational process, it can be said that there is no education that does not include cultural elements. This study aims to (1) describe social activities at the substation; (2) Describe the socio-cultural informal education at the gardu. The method used in this research is a qualitative method. The data sources were selected by purposive sampling. Observation, interview and documentation techniques were used for data collection. Technical analysis of data using qualitative analysis with data reduction steps, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of this study are: (1) Social activities at the gardu are almost the same every day depending on the supporting facilities, such as TV, dominoes, chess and carom boards. (2) Socio-cultural informal education is divided into two, namely the social field (Attitudes and Morals) and the cultural field (Habits, Knowledge and Religion). The conclusion of this study is that the activities that occur at the gardu have informal education for visitors, especially in the social (attitudes and decency) and culture (Habits, Knowledge and Religion) fields. Based on the results of the study, it is hoped that readers will know about informal education that occurs in the community specifically at the substation

Status of a pandemic and a national disaster is a sign that Covid-19 has a significant impact on various aspects of people's lives. Currently, it has been changed social environment in Banjarmasin. This study highlights the social impacts that occurred in Banjarmasin during pandemic and predicts the condition after the pandemic. The visible impact is that some social traditions in Banjarmasin are no longer exist and there are concerns about their sustainability. This study aims to explain the impact of Covid-19 for sustainability of the social environment in Banjarmasin. The research method used in this scientific article is a simple survey method. The purpose of this survey research is to provide an overview of the impact of the Covid-19 for the sustainability of the social environment and existing social traditions, as well as to predict people's behavior towards the sustainability of these social traditions. The survey data were analyzed by descriptive analysis methods. This method is used to describe the impact of a pandemic as a social phenomenon, which is then explained in a descriptive narrative. Then the results showed that the pandemic had an impact on the ten social traditions of the people in Banjarmasin, there are: 1) Shaking hands; 2) Kiss the hand; 3) Gotong royong; 4) Thanksgiving; 5) Berelaan; 6) Wedding party or Aruh Penganten; 7) Pilgrimage to the Grave; 8) Mewarung; 9) Taklim; and 10) Homecoming.