Regulating administrative efforts as the mandatory procedure is expected to be able to filter and reduce the number of disputes that must be tried by the State Administrative Court. However, the position of administrative efforts is only interpreted as a formality. This study aims to analiyz the position of administrative efforts in the settlement of state administration disputes and to find out how effective the administration efforts in reducing the number of state administration disputes in the State Administrative Courts in East Java. The results indicated that administrative efforts were the embodiment of the state law of Pancasila, but the effectiveness of administrative efforts in East Java was still very low or ineffective in reducing the number of state administrative disputes in the State Administrative Court.

State institutions were established in order to support the work of the state and government in providing services to the people. Each State institution must be in a unidirectional, synergic, and solid working rhythm. However, in practice, each state institution is fighting for authority between one institution and another. This research is based on the formulation of what causes the Dispute of Authority of State institutions and how the design or pattern of resolution is. This study aims to analyze the root causes of disputes over state institutions' authority and find the design for their resolution. Design in dispute resolution is an important effort to find and formulate ways to end disputes between the parties, such as mediation, reconciliation, negotiation, or through the competent court, for that matter. This type of juridical-normative research is the type of research used in this study. The results showed that conflicts of authority between state institutions occurred due to non-explicit arrangements regarding the position and authority of State institutions. There were no institutions that mediated when conflicts occurred and the sectoral ego of each institution. The settlement design and pattern that can provide legal certainty and protection for every State institution is the settlement through the formation of a particular institution or authority to an already established State institution. With a note that the institution that will judge is not included in the object of the dispute.

The purpose of this reseach is to describe the factors and implications of the proliferation of political dynasties and to find designs to create dynastic politics that do not conflict with the spirit of local democracy in Indonesia. The problem of this research is the factors and implications that make politics flourish in simultaneous Pilkada and the ideal dynastic political design. The research method used is normative juridical through the concept of an approach, legislation, case approach and historical approach. The results showed that dynastic politics mushroomed because the regional head as the ruler was unable to run again, the ruler at the national level wanted to use his power to place family members as rulers at the regional level. As a result, many candidates for regional heads are nominated without the competence and willingness to become regional heads. The ideal dynastic political design can be achieved with the requirements to be declared valid as a candidate for regional head as well as regulations that prevent unqualified regional head candidates from fulfilling formal or legal requirements as regional head candidates.

The authority to adjudicate general election problems/ disputes scattered in various judicial institutions has made the resolution process drawn out and, complicated, creating overlapping powers and the potential for conflicting decisions between judicial institutions. This study examines how the judiciary's authority is regulated in adjudicating election problems, why it is necessary to integrate judicial authority, and how the concept of the judiciary's power is in judging all general election problems. This research aims to map the judiciary's power and find the judicial institution's design with an authority to adjudicate all general election problems. This study used juridical-normative research with a statutory approach, conceptual and case approaches. The results show that the authority to judge general election problems is given to the Constitutional Court, Supreme Court, State Administrative Court, and District Courts of Appeal. The large number of judicial institutions authorized to judge has been proven to be incompatible with general election administration and judicial power administration principles. The authority to adjudicate all election issues must be exercised in one judicial institution. The judiciary that can exercise this authority refers to the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, or the exercise can be performed by establishing a remarkable judicial institution.

Desa Jambangan mempunyai banyak potensi alam salah satunya wisata air yang memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan. Sumber bantal merupakan sumber kehidupan bagi masyarakat desa Jambangan, air yang mengalir ke rumah warga bersumber dari sumber bantal. Sumber bantal pada tahun 1980-an pernah menjadi tempat wisata bagi masyarakat desa Jambangan dan sekitarnya, tentunya karena sumber bantal dikelola dan dirawat dengan baik oleh penduduk sekitar, sehingga menjadikan sumber bantal. dijadikan tempat wisata yang menyenangkan. Teknik observasi atau pengamatan yang digunakan penulis untuk memperoleh gambaran yang tepat mengenai perilaku pemerintah dan masyarakat serta situasi-situasi yang berkaitan dengan topik di lokasi. Obyek wisata air sumber bantal menjadi potensi utama di desa Jambangan dengan suasana yang masih asri dan sejuk. Keindahan tersebut dapat dilihat dari pemandangan yang tercipta secara alami, tekstur tanah, dan kemurnian air. Jadi obyek wisata air sumber bantal ini sangat cocok sekali untuk para wisatawan baik anak muda atau yang sudah berkeluarga, baik wisatawan domestik maupun non-domestik. Wisata air sumber bantal memiliki potensi yang cukup besar sebagai tempat tujuan wisata. Untuk dapat mengembangkan obyek wisata air sumber bantal ini pemerintah desa Jambangan harus bekerjasama dan gotong royong dengan warga sekitar, memperbaiki fasilitas-fasilitas yang telah ada di obyek wisata air sumber bantal. Seperti menambah spot-spot foto yang menarik. Upaya untuk meningkatkan jumlah wisatawan yang berkunjung ke obyek wisata air sumber bantal salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan sistem promosi melalui media sosial seperti instagram, facebook, whatapps, dan aplikasi sosial media lainnya.