In Simalungun regency, the intensity of the coffee berry borer attack was in the category of heavy and very heavy attack. The high intensity of attacks is caused by coffee farmers not carrying out control efforts. As a result, the population and spread of the coffee berry borer has increased over time. The majority of coffee farmers do not know the control technology to overcome the coffee berry borer. Including pest control using attractant traps, coffee farmers in Simalungun Regency are still not familiar with it. The way the attractant works, which produces an aroma that is able to stimulate female coffee berry borer pests to approach and then enter the trap, is completely unknown to coffee farmers. For the introduction of this pest control technology, the activities carried out with partner farmers started from providing counseling on pest control methods, introducing attractants and how they work, training farmers through demonstrations of installing attractants in coffee plantations, as well as socializing the importance of all coffee farmers willing to install attractants in their respective gardens. The results of the training and socialization of trapping attractants showed positive success benefits, as reflected in the knowledge of partner farmers on pre-test questions (before training) and answers to post-test questions (after training was given several times). Farmers' responses in the discussion session also reflected more curiosity about the use of attractants to overcome losses caused by the coffee berry borer

is a sacred date for Malaysia. Indeed, it is born from the struggles of its earlier generations. This paper seeks to reveal the roles, contributions and sacrifices that have been made by those labeled radicals in seeking independence. This study was completed by referring to historical documents such as British files and reports as well as personal records of those involved to confirm their involvement in the struggle for independence. The findings showed that the role of two great figures from Pahang, namely Ibrahim Haji Yaakub and Ishak haji Muhammad, was significant in the struggle for Malaysian independence. These forerunners of the struggle for independence have given a huge impact and meaning to Malaysia. Their deeds, contributions and sacrifices must be recognized by the nation.

This article is intended to point out the involvement of the communist era during race riots that occurred on May 13, 1969. Majority of us Malaysians are not so exposed to the involvement of the communist and their agenda to create chaos and unrest in this country. The communists using racial incitement and influencing the public through the Labor Party and Left-wing Parties. This study was conducted primarily using qualitative methods and subjective chronology. The information obtained was taken and analyzed in the form of primary and secondary sources. Primary sources are composed of the Government White Paper, Command Paper, Hansard House of Commons, Leader's speeches, thesis, interviews, Majlis gerakan Negara (MAGERAN) reports, the Federal Budget Reports and documents of the Federal Constitution. While secondary sources are made up of scientific journals, books and reference information obtained from websites. The results portrait that there are a series of very clear involvement of the communist party before, during and after the riots until the 1970s. The focus of the communists is to create an atmosphere of chaos and tension between them which would indirectly weaken the national defense system. The government through the implementation of the administration under MAGERAN managed to curb the activities of communist control and stop the riots. Later the government took drastic measures, particularly to reduce the level difference between the racial and economic disparities by intensifying security measures in order to break the communist elements in the country.

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