Quality control charts are limited to controlling one characteristic of a production process, and it needs a large amount of data to determine control limits to control the process. Another limitation of the traditional control chart is that it doesn’t deal with the vague data environment. The fuzzy control charts work with the uncertainty that exists in the data. Also, the fuzzy control charts investigate the random variations found between the samples. In modern industries, productivity is often of different designs and a small volume that depends on the market need for demand (short-run production) implemented in the same type of machines to the production units. In such cases, it is difficult to determine the control limits for the operations carried out on the same machines. This work aims to compare the traditional control charts and the fuzzy control charts for short-run production. In the traditional case, the data collected were processed using the (Minitab 21) software. It was found that the fuzzy control charts were more flexible and accurate in determining the control limits of the machine under study. The traditional deviation from nominal control charts showed false alarm of observation (15) as out-of-control, while the fuzzy (DNOM) showed that these observations were under control. Also, the standard deviation of the process was dropped from (σ =0.209041) to (σ =0.204401) after using the fuzzy control chart.

Inhaltsubersicht. Unter Anwendung des Schatten-Effektes und der Resonanzreaktion mAl(p, a) 24Mg an einkristallinen, dicken Al-Targets wurden fur drei Resonanzenergien Ep(keV) die Lebensdauern t(as) der entsprechenden Anregungszustande E* (MeV) des Compoundkernes **Si gemessen und die zugehorigen Breiten I ' (eV) berechnet: 1365 1"Wl 2f <1 > 350 1439 12,974 1-9 f 4 + 23 74 -60 + 14 1647 13,173 3-1 8 i 5 37-8 Als Target dienten (110)-orientierte Al-Einkristalle. Die Registierung der a-Teilchen erfolgte mit gmBflachigen Festkorperspurdetektoren. Aufgenommen wurden die Winkelverteilungen der a-Teilchen um zwei (110)-Achsen des Al-Targets, die zur EinschuBrichtung der Protonen unter 75" bzw. -1 G F einjustiert waren. Zur Auswertung wurden die Differenzen der Minimumausbeuten-Axmin = xmin (yt = 75') -xmin ( y = -165") und die VerhLltnisse der Dip-Volumina R = Q,(y = i 5 O ) (bis 70% der Randomausbeute) herangezogen. .I?N(v == -165") Abstract. The crystal blocking technique has been used to measure the lifetimes of following three levels in the ZBSi compoundnuclei: 12,901 MeV, 2+; 12,974 MeV, 1and 13,173 MeV, 3excited in the "Al(p, a) *Wg resonance reaction at E,, = 1365 keV, 1439 keV and 1647 keV, respectively. The (110) axial blocking effect in thick A1 single crystals has been investigated. Two methods of extracting the lifetime, involving analytical calculations, are compared. The results obtained from both methods of analysis agree, the avarage values of the lifetimes are < 1 as, (9 & 4) as and (18 & 5) as, respectively. Lebensdauermessungen an Resonanmiistiinden i m 88Si-Compoundkern 299

This work deals with the effect of adding aluminum nanoparticles on the mechanical properties, micro-hardness and porosity of memory-shape alloys (Cu-Al-Ni). These alloys have wide applications in various industrial fields such as (high damping compounds and self-lubricating applications). The samples are manufactured using the powder metallurgy method, which involved pressing in only one direction and sintered in a furnace surrounded by an inert gas. Four percentages (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) of aluminum nanoparticles were fabricated, which depended on the weight of aluminum powder (13%) in the sample under study. To find out which phase is responsible for the reliability of the formation of this type of alloy and its porosity, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests are used. The Vickers micro-hardness and porosity properties of these alloys were studied using a Vickers micro-hardness and porosity tester according to ASTM b328-1996. The results showed that increasing the concentration of aluminum nanoparticles in the alloy led to an increase in hardness with a decrease in the porosity, and the sample (15%) gave the best hardness (190.8 HV). The sample (0%) gave the highest porosity (19.573) %.

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In this research the effect of porosity is studied at three different holding times(1.5, 1 and 0.5 hours) for the first sintering stage, to fixing aluminium in its solid state phase at temperatures (500°C), of the memory alloy based on copper. The powder metallurgy method has been used to manufacture 3 samples for this alloy with(83%Cu,13%Al,4 %Ni). To make sure of the generation phases for Marten site and Austenite, physical tests (Optical microscopy, XRD, and SEM) were carried out before and after sintering. The porosity testing was conducted on these samples, depending on the specification (ASTM B 328). The percentage of porosity is generated at the three holding times for the first stage was calculated, according to the equation adopted that. The results give, the lowest porosity% was at 0.5 hours with a value of 2.907 %, at 1.5 hours was the highest value for porosity 3.733%, at either hour the value of porosity was 3.720%. In this way we observe the effect of the holding time of the first stage of sintering on the porosity. The relationship was a positive, the greater the holding time, it gives a greater percentage of porosity. It gives an indication of the utilization of those in the process of sintering to obtain the required percentage of porosity, especially in products that need it, such as self-lubricating bearings.