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Introduction: The purpose from this study was to determine phenotypes, intestinal virulence-associated genes, and phylotypic profiling of human diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) and avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). Methodology: A total of 108 chicken visceral organs (liver, spleen, heart) from 36 diseased birds (three organs per each bird) and 78 human stool samples (50 diarrheic patients and 28 healthy persons) were randomly collected during the first half of 2015 in the district of Mansoura city, Egypt. Conventional culturing, serotyping, and molecular characterization of virulence genes and phylogroups were performed. Results: Sixty-five (35%) biochemically identified E. coli isolates were detected from chicken visceral (29/108; 26.9%) and human stool samples (36/78; 46.2%). Serotypes O78, O2, and O1 were the most prevalent serotypes (62%) distinguished from APEC isolates, and only two similar serotypes (O119:H4 and O26:H11) were identified from both APEC and DEC isolates. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the respective percentages of 100 and 35 with eae and Shiga toxin genes were detected from APEC isolates while 50%, 27.8%, and 19.4% of human DEC isolates harbored eae, stx1, and stx2 genes, respectively. Phylogrouping revealed a significantly higher occurrence of pathogenic phylogroups (D and B2) in APEC (19/29; 65.5%) than in human DEC isolates (8/36; 22.2%). Conclusions: APEC isolates shared serotypes, virulence genes, and phylotypes with human DEC isolates, which is a subsequent potential public health concern. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in Egypt that determines virulence gene and phylogroup coexistence between APEC and DEC isolates.

Presence of multidrug resistant and toxin producing S. aureus in dairy farms pose a major risk to public health. Therefore, this study highlighted the importance of developing an efficient control program to inhibit the transmission of S. aureus, particularly multidrug resistant strains to humans.

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Since lactoferrin is acute phase protein and has an exceptional role in defense mechanism of mammary gland, it is considered a candidate gene for mastitis susceptibility in dairy cattle. In this study, blood samples were collected for DNA extraction from fifty Holstein dairy cows in the third lactation season reared under Egyptian conditions assigned into three groups mastitis (n=15), subclinical mastitis (n=20) and healthy (n=15) based on California mastitis test. Moreover biochemical markers for inflammation were determined to detect severity. PCR amplification of a segment of 6th intron of lactoferrin gene yielded a fragment of 301-bp in all animals under study. For revealing polymorphism, DNA sequencing was done for PCR products of lactoferrin gene (301-bp) in only five healthy (resistant) and five affected animals. Results indicated that, association between biochemical data and affections. The PCR-DNA sequencing genetic assessment identified twelve SNPs in the bovine lactoferrin gene and there was association between these identified SNPs and mastitis susceptibility, where ten nucleotide sequence variations for one of the healthy animals were obtained with A166T, T185A, T200C, G230C, A239G, T251G, A254C, A272C, T273C and A296G SNPs (submitted to GenBank with accession number gb|KT159457|. On the other hand, two nucleotide sequence variations for two of the affected animals were obtained with A100G and T275A SNPs. Consequently, the identified SNPs in the bovine lactoferrin gene can be used as marker-assisted selection (MAS) to predict, improve mastitis resistance and minimize incidence of mastitis infection in Holstein dairy cows.