This paper reviews field measurements of evapotranspiration from paddy rice fields (ET) in an experimental station in the Gharb region of Morocco, during the summer seasons in 1995 and 1996. The results showed that the seasonal average water consumption of rice was 6.7 mm•day-1 with a maximum value of 8.3 mm•day-1 during the panicle enlargement stage (R2). The average daily ET for 1996 was compared with US Class 'A' open pan evaporation (Ep) and with reference evapotranspiration (ET 0) calculated using a validated FAO Penman-Monteith equation. Both methods gave good estimates of ET with a correlation coefficient of 0.78 (P < 0.001, slope = 1.06) with Ep and 0.79 with ET 0 (P < 0.001, slope = 1.3). The derived mean crop coefficients were 1.06 and 1.3, respectively, for the average of the two years. The cumulated ET over the growing season was nearly equal to the cumulated Ep, and greater by about 20% of cumulated ET 0. This superiority might be attributed to an advective energy transferred from areas surrounding the rice zone activated by wind speed. rice (Oryza sativa) evapotranspiration / crop coefficient / reference ET Résumé-Calcul de l'évapotranspiration du riz sous les conditions marocaines : recherche d'une relation simple entre l'évapotranspiration calculée expérimentalement et l'évapotranspiration de référence estimée à partir de l'équation FAO Penman-Montheith et l'évaporation bac. Cet article traite de l'évapotranspiration du riz (ET) mesurée expérimentalement au niveau du champ dans la région rizicole au nord-ouest du Maroc durant la période estivale de 1995 et 1996. Les résultats obtenus ont été comparés à ceux de l'évaporation à partir d'un bac ouvert class 'A' (Ep) et avec l'évapotranspiration de référence calculée à partir de l'équation FAO Penman-Monteith (ET 0) calibrée sous les conditions marocaines. Les résultats obtenus ont été comparés à l'ET 0 et à l'Ep. Des coefficients culturaux ont été alors établis. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que la moyenne saisonnière des besoins en eau du riz était de 6,7 mm•jour-1 avec un maximum atteint de 8,3 mm•j-1 durant la deuxième décade du grossissement de la panicule avant l'épiaison. L'ET saisonnière en 1996 a montré une corrélation très hautement significative avec les deux modèles, de 0,78 (P < 0,001, pente = 1,06) avec Ep et 0,79 avec ET 0 (P < 0,001, pente = 1,3). les coefficients culturaux moyens des deux années, étaient respectivement de 1,06 (Kcp = ET•Ep-1) et 1,3 (KC 0 = ET•ET 0-1). L'ET cumulée durant la saison de croissance égalise avec l'Ep cumulée et dépasse l'ET 0 cumulée de 20 %. Cette supériorité pourrait provenir d'une énergie advective transmise des zones sèches, entourant la zone rizicole, activée par le déplacement des vents. riz (Oryza sativa) évapotranspiration / coefficient cultural / évapotranspiration de référence
This study investigated the response of corn silage to different combinations of zinc (Zn) and phosphorus (P) soil supply when grown in sandy soil. The soil was naturally poor in extractable Zn and rich in plant-available P. The experiment was conducted in outdoor containers. The treatments consisted of soil supply combinations of 3 levels of Zn (0, 5 and 10 mg Zn kg −1 of dry soil) and 4 levels of P (0, 12, 36 and 72 mg P2O5 kg −1 of dry soil). The results showed the absence of a significant effect (at p ≤ 0.05) of Zn-P interaction on plant growth, plant mineral content or total aerial dry weight at harvest. P application depressed Zn shoot content, and conversely, Zn supply slightly reduced P shoot content. The total aerial dry weight at harvest was not enhanced by P application. However, it was significantly increased by Zn supply of 5 mg·kg ) application (at p ≤ 0.05). This increase was around 15% compared to no Zn soil supply. It was especially linked to kernel dry weight and particularly to pollination rate. For the highest level of P supply, Zn applications significantly enhanced (at p ≤ 0.05) the kernel dry weight and the pollination rate by 22.1% and 38.4% respectively, compared
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.