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A fifth mandibular incisor is a eumorphic supernumerary tooth and has rarely been described in the medical literature. We report here a large Lebanese consanguineous family where four individuals displayed five incisors in the anterior mandible. Such familial observation has not been previously described. The possibility of an autosomal recessive inheritance for this nonsyndromic trait is discussed.

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Chromogranin A is present in secretion granules of nerve, endocrine and immune cells and is a precursor of several peptides with antibacterial and antifungal properties at micromolar concentrations.Our aim in this prospective, double blind study, was to determine the expression of chromogranin A and its peptides at protein level in saliva of type 2 diabetic patients and thereby to obtain a new non-invasive diagnostic means for the future.Saliva was taken from 30 type 2 diabetic patients and 30 healthy individuals at the same time interval in the morning without any oral stimuli. Circadianic periodics in protein productions have been avoided. The presence of chromogranin A and its derived peptides was determined in whole saliva, after centrifugation at 40C for 12 min at 14 000 rpm, by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and Immunoblotting (Western Blot). To ensure same protein concentrations Bradford protein quantification assay has been performed before.For the first time, we have determined an overexpression of chromogranin A in saliva of diabetic patients in 100% of the individuals. Chromogranin A, a circulating biomarker for epithelial tumours, is also overexpressed in saliva of type 2 diabetic patients. To confirm our results, more studies with a large amount of patients is necessary.

RÉSUMÉLe torus palatin est une « tumeur bénigne » constituant une élévation de la ligne médiane du palais. Décrite en 1814, cette particularité anatomique est actuellement classée selon quatre types : torus plat, fusiforme, nodulaire et lobulaire. Cette exostose du maxillaire, rare avant l'âge de dix ans, croît jusqu'à l'âge de 30 ou 40 ans pour atteindre un plateau, généralement suivi par une légère phase de décroissance. L'apparition du torus palatin résulterait de l'action combinée de facteurs génétiques et environnementaux.